Plants

Chloroplasts, Cell Walls, Large central vacuole

Chloro: Photosynthesis

Cell Wall: rigid structure

Large Vacuole to reduce turgor pressure

The 4 Major Plant Classes

-Bryophytes

-Filicinophytes

-Coniferophytes

-Angiosperms

Bryophytes (Vas,Dif Tissue,size,seeds,sex, required for repro

no vascular system,

no differentiated tissue,

small,

no seeds,

plant is either male or female,

requires water for repro

Fillicinophytes (Vas,seeds,sex,required for repro)

vascular tissue

but no seeds,

plant is sporophyte (both male and female), water for repro

Coniferocytes (Coniferous Trees, Cones, Pine Trees)

Angiosperms

Pistil

female egg producing structure: contains the stigma, style and ovary

Stigma (Loc and Func), Ovary, Style

• Stigma, tip of pistil, often produces nectar and receives pollen

• Ovary: contains ovule, which produces female gametes

• Style: tube which will allow for sperm to be transported to ovary

Pistil (photo, Stigma, Ovary Style)

Stamen (func + sturcture)

male pollen (sperm) producing structure, contains anther and filament

Anther

contains pollen

Filament

connect anther to the rest of the plant

Petals

Modified leaves, made to be attract pollinators.

Sepals

modified leaves, protects flower before it opens

Pollination (4steps)

Pollen from anther gets to stigma. inside the pollen grain are one or two sperm, and a haploid cell that grows into a pollen tube. Pollination occurs and pollen tube extends from stigma to ovule. Sperm moves from tube to ovule.

4 Aspects of Pollination (Who or what helps, type of Relationship, why do flowers and animals benefit, )

Pollination is helped by animals/insects, wind and water can also do it. its a mutalistic relationship (both benefit), insects get energy from nectar and pollen, flower gets pollen transferred to other plants. Flowers often produce scent to attract insects and makes vivid patterns of color.

Germination Requirements(3)

water to rehydrate and activate metabolism, oxygen for respiration, ideal temp for enzymes

Cross Pollination (advantage, how to stop self)

evolutionary better to sexual reproduce for variety, plants have differnt maturation times for anther and pistil to avoid self pollination.

Problem with self-pollination

genetic mechanisms reduce the likelihood that self-pollinated plants will survive

Plants must transport both water and nutrients through their tissue, this is done with the __ and _

xylem and phloem.

Leaf Diagram

Xylem transports(2)

water and dissolved minerals

Phloem transports(2)

sugar and animo acids

Water enters a plant through

the roots

Water is drwan into te roots by__ generated by ___

negative pressure generated by transpiration

Water travels due to ___ to the _____ and its _____ to other water molecules

adhesion, walls of xylem tubes, cohesion

Together, adhesion and cohesion in plants is known as

capillary action.

Xylem Structure, sieve tubes, pits, lignin

sieve tubes are mostly hollow, dead cells, that lack organelles and cytoplasm. Pits are small pres, allow for lateral release or uptake fo water. Lignin is molecule that binds to cellulose for structure.

Lumen def

space in xylem

How do plants take in minerals?

Plants use active transport to pump (Mn,N.K ions) from soil to roots. Because of osmosis, water follows and creates pressure, pushing water. Happens when transpiration is low (night, humid)

Photosynthesis produces nutrients, which is transported as ___

phloem sap

Movement of sugar

translocation

Phloem moves from

leaves to sinks (regions without sugar)

Where, what season, is sugar stored, what does do during the other season

sugars are stored in roots during summer, and provide nutrients in spring during growth