Foundations of Mental Health and Medical-Surgical Nursing practice flashcards

This JSON contains 300 practice flashcards for mental health and medical-surgical nursing based on the provided transcript.

Mental Health (Ability to cope)

The ability to cope with stress as a component of mental health.

Mental Health (Productivity)

The ability to function productively in daily life.

Mental Health (Social)

The ability to maintain relationships with others.

Mental Health (Adaptability)

The ability to adapt to change.

Mental Illness (General)

Disorders that affect thinking, mood, behavior, and functioning.

Mental Illness (Thinking)

A classification of disorders affecting a person's thoughts and cognitive processes.

Mental Illness (Mood)

A classification of disorders affecting a person's emotional state.

Mental Illness (Behavior)

A classification of disorders affecting a person's actions and conduct.

Mental Illness (Functioning)

A classification of disorders affecting a person's ability to perform daily tasks.

Recovery

Living a meaningful life despite the presence of mental illness.

Recovery-Oriented Care (Hope)

A focus of care that emphasizes the importance of hope for the future.

Recovery-Oriented Care (Strengths)

A focus of care that emphasizes a patient's individual strengths.

Recovery-Oriented Care (Independence)

An orientation of care that promotes a patient's self-reliance.

Recovery-Oriented Care (Goals)

Care centered around the specific goals of the patient.

Recovery-Oriented Care (Empowerment)

Care that focuses on giving patients the power and confidence to manage their lives.

Stigma

Negative attitudes toward mental illness that may prevent treatment or cause shame.

Stigma (Isolation)

A consequence of negative attitudes leading to a person feeling alone or separated from society.

Nursing Role (Language)

The responsibility to use nonjudgmental language when interacting with patients.

Nursing Role (Dignity)

The responsibility to promote the dignity of all patients.

Nursing Role (Advocacy)

The responsibility to advocate for the rights and needs of patients.

Therapeutic Relationship Goals (Trust)

Establishing a foundation of trust between the nurse and patient.

Therapeutic Relationship Goals (Expression)

Encouraging the patient to express their feelings openly.

Therapeutic Relationship Goals (Coping)

Promoting the patient's ability to cope and solve problems.

Active Listening

A therapeutic communication technique involving full attention to the speaker.

Open-ended questions

A therapeutic technique using questions that require more than a yes or no answer.

Reflection

A therapeutic technique where the nurse repeats or mirrors the patient's feelings or words.

Silence

A therapeutic communication technique that allows the patient time to think and speak.

“Tell me more about that.”

An example of a therapeutic communication prompt used to elicit more detail.

“How did that make you feel?”

An example of a therapeutic question aimed at exploring emotions.

Giving advice

A nontherapeutic technique that limits patient autonomy and problem-solving.

“Why” questions

A nontherapeutic technique that can make a patient feel defensive or interrogated.

False reassurance

A nontherapeutic technique such as saying “Everything will be fine.”

Changing the subject

A nontherapeutic technique that avoids the patient's concerns or feelings.

“You shouldn’t feel that way.”

An example of a nontherapeutic, dismissive statement.

Mental Status Assessment (MSE)

A structured way of observing and describing a patient's current state of mind.

MSE: Appearance (Hygiene)

Assessing the patient's cleanliness and personal grooming.

MSE: Appearance (Clothing)

Assessing if the patient's attire is appropriate for the setting or weather.

MSE: Appearance (Eye contact)

Assessing the frequency and quality of a patient's gaze during interaction.

MSE: Behavior (Agitation)

Assessing for signs of physical restlessness or increased motor activity.

MSE: Behavior (Calmness)

Assessing the patient for a peaceful or quiet demeanor.

MSE: Behavior (Motor activity)

Assessing the patient's physical movements and gestures.

MSE: Speech (Rate)

Assessing how fast or slow a patient speaks.

MSE: Speech (Volume)

Assessing the loudness or softness of a patient's voice.

MSE: Speech (Fluency)

Assessing the flow and ease of a patient's speech.

Mood

The patient's internal emotional state as reported by the patient themselves.

Affect

The emotion observed by the nurse through the patient's facial expression and demeanor.

Thought Process (Logical)

Assessing if the patient's thoughts follow a clear and rational sequence.

Thought Process (Disorganized)

Assessing if the patient's thoughts are fragmented or lack a clear connection.

Flight of ideas

A thought process characterized by rapid shifting from one topic to another.

Thought Content (Delusions)

Fixed, false beliefs held by a patient despite evidence to the contrary.

Thought Content (Suicidal ideation)

Thoughts or ideas about harming oneself or ending one's life.

Thought Content (Obsessions)

Persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges.

Perception (Hallucinations)

False sensory perceptions, usually auditory or visual, without external stimuli.

Cognition (Orientation)

Assessing the patient's awareness of person, place, time, and situation.

Cognition (Memory)

Assessing both short-term and long-term recall of information.

Cognition (Attention)

Assessing the patient's ability to focus and maintain concentration.

Insight

The patient's degree of awareness regarding their own mental illness.

Judgment

The patient's ability to make sound and safe decisions.

Nursing Process: Assess

The first step involving the systematic collection of patient data.

Nursing Process: Diagnose

The second step where the nurse identifies specific health problems or risks.

Nursing Process: Plan

The third step where goals and nursing interventions are established.

Nursing Process: Implement

The fourth step where the nurse carries out the planned interventions.

Nursing Process: Evaluate

The final step where the nurse determines the effectiveness of the care plan.

Psychiatric Diagnosis: Risk for suicide

A priority diagnosis focused on preventing self-harm.

Psychiatric Diagnosis: Anxiety

A diagnosis related to feelings of worry, nervousness, or unease.

Psychiatric Diagnosis: Social isolation

A diagnosis addressing a patient's lack of social contact or support.

Psychiatric Diagnosis: Disturbed thought process

A diagnosis addressing impairments in cognitive functions and thought patterns.

Breast Cancer Pathophysiology

Cancer that develops from the abnormal growth of cells within the breast.

Ductal carcinoma

A type of breast cancer that starts within the milk ducts.

Lobular carcinoma

A type of breast cancer that starts within the lobules of the breast.

In situ cancer

A noninvasive form of cancer that remains in its place of origin.

Invasive cancer

Cancer that has spread into the surrounding tissue.

ER positive

A status indicating that the hormone estrogen stimulates the growth of the cancer.

PR positive

A status indicating that the hormone progesterone stimulates the growth of the cancer.

HER2 positive

A status indicating aggressive and rapid growth of cancer cells.

Paget Disease of the Breast

A type of breast cancer characterized by a crusting or red lesion on the nipple.

Inflammatory Breast Cancer

An aggressive breast cancer causing a red, swollen breast and Peau d’orange appearance.

Peau d’orange

A skin appearance resembling an orange peel, characteristic of inflammatory breast cancer.

Breast Cancer Risk Factor: Age

The risk of developing breast cancer increases as a person gets older.

Breast Cancer Risk Factor: Family history

Increased risk due to having relatives who have had breast cancer.

BRCA mutations

Genetic mutations that significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

Breast Cancer Risk Factor: Obesity

Being significantly overweight is a known risk factor for breast cancer.

Breast Assessment: Hard fixed mass

A physical finding of a firm lump that does not move easily under the skin.

Breast Assessment: Skin dimpling

An indentation or pits in the skin of the breast suggesting an underlying tumor.

Breast Assessment: Nipple discharge

Fluid leaking from the nipple that is not related to lactation.

Mammogram

An X-ray of the breast used as a diagnostic tool for finding tumors.

Biopsy

The removal of a tissue sample for microscopic examination to confirm cancer.

Mastectomy Post-Op: Drains

Monitoring fluid collection devices placed after breast surgery.

Lymphedema Prevention: No BP/IVs

The rule of avoiding blood pressure checks and IV starts on the arm of the affected side.

Lymphedema Prevention: Elevate arm

Keeping the arm on the affected side raised to promote fluid drainage.

Prostate Cancer Risk Factor: Race

African American men have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer.

Urinary hesitancy

Difficulty starting the flow of urine, a symptom of prostate issues.

Hematuria

The presence of blood in the urine, a possible late symptom of prostate cancer.

PSA

Prostate-Specific Antigen, a blood test used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Digital rectal exam (DRE)

A manual examination of the prostate gland through the rectum.

Active surveillance

A treatment strategy of closely monitoring prostate cancer without immediate surgery or radiation.

Radical Prostatectomy

Surgical removal of the entire prostate gland.

Post-Prostatectomy: Erectile dysfunction

A potential long-term complication involving difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection.

Post-Prostatectomy: Incontinence

A potential long-term complication involving loss of bladder control.

Anemia

A condition defined by low hemoglobin or RBC count leading to decreased oxygen delivery.