CPCE Sample Test B

a

___________ is considered to be the “father of vocational guidance.”

a. Frank Parsons

b. Donald Super

c. E. G. Williamson

d. Jesse B. Davis

c

Alethea is counseling a young Pakistani-American man, Irshad. Although Alethea’s cultural background emphasizes independent decision-making, she acknowledges Irshad’s desire to include his parents and siblings in his career choices as part of his upbringing in Asian culture. Incorporating Irshad’s culture into the session would suggest that Alethea is

a. using the assimilation model.

b. operating from an etic perspective.

c. operating from an emic perspective.

d. color blind.

b

Behavioristic learning theories of human development are generally considered to be

a. inactive theories.

b. reactive theories.

c. proactive theories.

d. active theories.

b

___________ transformed America’s agriculturally based economy into a manufacturing economy and initiated the U.S. career-guidance movement.

a. World War II

b. The Industrial Revolution

c. The Great Depression

d. World War I

d

Resistance is displayed by

a. very few clients.

b. approximately 10% of clients.

c. approximately 50% of clients.

d. almost all clients at some point during the counseling process.

b

Psychodrama was invented by

a. Fritz Perls.

b. J. L. Moreno.

c. Wilfred Bion.

d. Kurt Lewin.

b

___________ developed the first modern intelligence test, the Binet-Simon scale. This scale was later revised by ___________, who renamed the scale the Stanford-Binet intelligence test.

a. Alfred Binet; Theophile Simon

b. Alfred Binet; Lewis Terman

c. Theophile Simon; Lewis Terman

d. Theophile Simon; Alfred Binet

c

A professional counselor wondered how the general trait of happiness was related to intelligence. Young adults’ intelligence was measured using a traditional IQ scale; their level of happiness was also measured on a self-report scale ranging from 1 to 20. The researcher found no link between the results of the two measures. What research design has just been described?

a. Causal-comparative

b. Descriptive

c. Correlational

d. Regression

a

HIPAA is to medical records as FERPA is to

a. educational records.

b. counseling records.

c. legal records.

d. None of the above.

c

____________ promotes a current status quo related to social class. An example of this would be being grandfathered into an organization.

a. Internalized classism

b. Modern classism

c. Structural classism

d. Socioeconomic status

d

A ___________ research design allows for comprehensive analysis and observation but probably lacks generalizability.

a. survey

b. cross-sectional

c. correlational

d. case study

d

___________ developed the Career Maturity Inventory and endorsed comprehensive career counseling.

a. Mark Savickas

b. Donald Super

c. John Krumboltz

d. John Crites

d

The crisis intervention approach known as psychological first aid is useful for helping individuals who have experienced all of the following EXCEPT

a. a terrorist attack.

b. a natural disaster.

c. a traumatic event.

d. a parental divorce.

d

Confidentiality in group work is

a. guaranteed.

b. required.

c. unnecessary.

d. strived for.

b

Who developed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), an objective measure of personality structure?

a. Carl Jung and Henry Murray

b. Starke Hathaway and Charnley McKinley

c. Henry Murray and Starke Hathaway

d. Frank Parsons and Carl Jung

c

A(n) ___________ variable results when an extraneous variable is allowed to change with the independent variable.

a. constant

b. dependent

c. confounding

d. outcome

c

Personal notes kept on students by counselors in a school setting

a. always become part of students’ educational records.

b. never become part of students’ educational records because they are considered an expansion of the counselor’s memory.

c. do not become part of students’ educational records if they are kept separate from the educational records in a locked, secure place.

d. sometimes become part of students’ educational records, depending on the school principal’s policies.

d

All of the following are components of s3xual identity EXCEPT

a. biological makeup.

b. s3xual orientation.

c. gender roles.

d. cognitions.

c

___________ is characterized by the body’s incapacity to metabolize fatty substances.

a. Phenylketonuria

b. Klinefelter’s syndrome

c. Tay-Sachs disease

d. Sickle cell anemia

a

Which of the following personality factors is NOT associated with the experience of occupational stress and burnout?

a. Internal locus of control

b. Low self-esteem

c. Type A personality

d. Neuroticism

d

It may be appropriate for counselors to use self-disclosure in all of the following EXCEPT when

a. they have gone through an experience that is similar to the client’s current situation.

b. they feel a strong connection with the client.

c. they think their experience might benefit the client by providing the client with a new outlook or perspective.

d. they want to introduce humor into the session.

b

___________ is NOT classified as a curative factor in groups.

a. Universality

b. Confidentiality

c. Instillation of hope

d. Imitative behavior

a

According to the Rights and Responsibilities of Test Takers, which of the following is NOT a test-taker responsibility?

a. Being familiar with the use of test results

b. Following the test instructions

c. Asking questions related to test administration

d. Arrive prepared for the test.

a

___________ sampling refers to selecting every nth element of a population.

a. Systematic

b. Quota

c. Stratified

d. Nonprobability

c

Baltasar came to his session with a limp. When his counselor asked him about the injury, the young boy said that his grandfather sometimes shakes him and shoves him to the ground when he drinks alcohol. Baltasar’s counselor is

a. legally but not ethically required to file a report with child protective services.

b. ethically but not legally required to file a report with child protective services.

c. legally and ethically required to file a report with child protective services.

d. neither legally nor ethically required to file a report with child protective services.

a

The faith whose core precept is that of karma and believes in Brahman as the creator of Earth is

a. Hinduism.

b. Judaism.

c. Taoism.

d. Buddhism.

c

___________, developed by Joseph Wolpe, is very effective for treating phobias.

a. Flooding

b. Counterconditioning

c. Systematic desensitization

d. Firing sequence

c

Career is referred to as

a. the primary activity that engages one’s time.

b. the activities that serve as one’s regular source of livelihood.

c. the lifetime pursuits of an individual.

d. activities that a person does for fun

b

The ___________ operates according to the pleasure principle.

a. anima

b. id

c. superego

d. ego

c

___________ groups can be preventative, growth-oriented, or remedial.

a. Counseling and task

b. Task and psychotherapy

c. Counseling and psychoeducational

d. Counseling and psychotherapy

d

As a school counselor you must provide students with testing information that is in their primary language. Which court case mandated this requirement?

a. Bakke v. California (1978)

b. Larry P. v. Riles (1984)

c. Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)

d. Sharif v. New York State Educational Department (1989)

b

An instructor creates an exam with too many easy questions. A graph of the distribution would indicate a curve that was

a. positively skewed.

b. negatively skewed.

c. normal.

d. a scattergram.

a

The organization responsible for the accreditation of counseling programs in the United States is the

a. Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs.

b. American Counseling Association.

c. American Psychological Association.

d. Association for Counseling Program Accreditation.

a

___________ refers to devaluing cultural artifacts such as art, media, or religion if they do not equate to White-held values.

a. Cultural racism

b. Discrimination

c. Internalized racism

d. Prejudice

c

The reinforcement schedule most resistant to extinction is

a. fixed ratio.

b. fixed interval.

c. variable ratio.

d. variable interval.

d

Which Holland code is most consistent?

a. ERS

b. CAS

c. ARI

d. IAS

c

According to Adler’s theory of birth order, ___________ generally receive the same amount of attention as firstborns.

a. second children

b. middle children

c. youngest children

d. None of the above.

d

___________ groups usually have formal member roles.

a. Psychoeducational

b. Counseling

c. Psychotherapy

d. Task

b

To establish content validity

a. a test must look valid.

b. test items must reflect all major content areas covered by the domain.

c. a test must predict future performance.

d. factor analysis must show that the instrument’s subscales are statistically related to each other.

b

Marcia wants to study the effects of a counseling technique on her fourth-grade students. She tested the participating students before and after the intervention. Her analysis compared the means of the pretest and posttest data. What analysis did Marcia use?

a. independent t-test

b. dependent t-test

c. logistic regression design

d. ANCOVA

c

A counselor who gains and preserves a client’s trust is upholding the ethical principle of

a. dependability.

b. altruism.

c. fidelity.

d. loyalty

b

Racism occurs at three levels, including all of the following EXCEPT

a. institutional.

b. contextual.

c. individual.

d. cultural.

d

___________ is NOT one of the four components of effective modeling.

a. Retention

b. Attention

c. Motivation

d. Shaping

b

For an ESFP, which letter indicates an auxiliary function?

a. E

b. S

c. F

d. P

c

The ___________ is an archetype in Jungian analytic psychology that represents the female traits that exist in the collective unconscious of males.

a. shadow

b. persona

c. anima

d. animus

c

Norms are established in groups as means to

a. bring group members into the here and now.

b. accomplish an executive function.

c. build a group culture.

d. All of the above

c

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of test-retest reliability?

a. Test-retest reliability determines the relationship between the scores obtained from two different administrations of the same test.

b. Test-retest reliability is subject to participant memory and practice effects.

c. Test-retest reliability is used to calculate the degree of consistency of ratings between two or more persons observing the same behavior or assessing an individual through observational or interview methods.

d. Test-retest reliability is most effective when the instrument assesses stable characteristics.

b

In a smooth yet skewed distribution, the most representative measure of central tendency is the

a. mean.

b. median.

c. mode.

d. semi-interquartile range.

a

Two months ago, Tara met a barista named John at a café. Whenever Tara would buy her coffee on her way to work at the counseling center, John would flirt with her. One day just as Tara was going to ask John on a date, her client, Robert, tapped her on the shoulder and said, “What a small world! I see you’ve met my cousin, John.” The ACA Code of Ethics states that counselors in this situation

a. are prohibited from proceeding with the relationship until five years after the counseling relationship with the client has ended.

b. are free to pursue the relationship, because it does not involve the client.

c. are free to pursue the relationship once the counseling relationship with the client has been terminated.

d. must never pursue the relationship, even after the counseling relationship with the client has ended.

a

Microaggression is

a. against individuals of color and women.

b. the belief that aggression is beneficial to some relationships.

c. aggression through assertiveness.

d. a phenomenon that occurred often during the 1950s but is not present anymore.

c

The ability to order and classify new information is called

a. adaptation.

b. accommodation.

c. organization.

d. assimilation.

c

A young adult in Ginzberg’s realistic stage

a. considers the availability, demand, and benefits of certain careers.

b. is able to assess and consider his or her capabilities in relation to career aspirations.

c. engages in career exploration to narrow down his or her career choices.

d. bases career decisions on likes and dislikes.

c

Stress inoculation training, a cognitive-behavioral technique, was developed by

a. Ellis.

b. Beck.

c. Meichenbaum.

d. Glasser.

a

Jun Lan was invited to join a group for survivors of trauma. On Jun Lan’s first day, Janira, the group leader, asked what goals she wanted to accomplish with the other members and whether there were certain topics she would like to address. Jun Lan brought up the difficulty of dating after losing a spouse to violent crime. The other members joined her in a lively discussion. After the meeting, Janira told Jun Lan that she was glad she felt comfortable to contribute and take responsibility for how well the group does. Which leadership style is Janira using?

a. Democratic

b. Authoritarian

c. Laissez-faire

d. Autocratic

c

When the reliability coefficient is found to be 1.0, what can be said about an individual’s observed score and true score?

a. The observed score is higher than the true score.

b. The true score is higher than the observed score.

c. The true score and observed score are equal.

d. The error during test administration was high.

b

Amber wants to understand what factors promote school counselor retention. She meets with the counselors in her studyfor coffee or lunch once or twice a week and speaks to them a few times during the week too. Which strategy for trustworthiness is she using?

a. Triangulation

b. Prolonged engagement

c. Thick description

d. Referential adequacy

b

Before starting a counseling group, counselors must do all of the following EXCEPT

a. screen potential members.

b. inform potential members that confidentiality is guaranteed.

c. only invite individuals to join who will likely benefit from the group.

d. not invite any individual to join the group who may be harmed by the experience.

a

Traditional mental health practices

a. value individual responsibility and autonomy.

b. view the problem as residing primarily in the environment.

c. overemphasize the exploration of counselor values and beliefs.

d. mesh well with the more collectivistic orientation of ethnic minorities.

a

___________ is NOT a theory of forgetting.

a. Storage failure theory

b. Decay of memory theory

c. Interference theory

d. Retrieval theory

c

People who demonstrate career maturity

a. have a highly differentiated Holland code.

b. have a willingness and ability to deal with career transitions.

c. have the ability to use the knowledge gained from career exploration activities to make career plans.

d. All of the above

a

“I should never have shared my sales idea at today’s department meeting at work. I just know that my boss thought my suggestion was ridiculous.” This is an example of what type of distorted thinking?

a. Mind reading

b. Fortune telling

c. Minimization

d. Labeling

c

Tatiana has not spoken in group yet today. It is her first time back since she attempted suicide two weeks ago. Dima, the group leader, decided to ask each member of the group a question ending with Tatiana. This gave him the chance to ask her a follow up question. What commonly used technique is Dima relying on to encourage quiet members to participate?

a. Linking

b. Questioning

c. Drawing out

d. Initiating

d

A(n) ___________ scale has equivalent units of measurement but does not have an absolute zero point.

a. nominal

b. ratio

c. ordinal

d. interval

a

If a professional counselor was interested in trainees’ multicultural competency, a sample consisting of members from the American Counseling Association might involve a ___________ threat.

a. selection

b. statistical regression

c. maturation

d. history

c

An early career counselor is offered a job as a counseling supervisor. The counselor does not have any experience or training in supervision, but she does have a solid educational background and practical experiences as a counselor. Ethically, the counselor should

a. accept the job; her educational background will support her in this new role.

b. accept the job; the company would not have hired her if it did not think she was qualified.

c. not accept the job; she does not have the requisite qualifications or professional experience.

d. consult with trusted family and friends about the situation.

b

Worldview can be defined broadly as

a. how an individual understands his or her race.

b. how a person perceives his or her relationship to nature, institutions, people, and the experiential world.

c. one’s degree of comfort in an unfamiliar cultural environment.

d. one’s values as shaped solely by religion

c

Sharquana’s client, Jane, usually comes to the session wearing slacks and blouses. Today she arrived wearing sweatpants and a t-shirt. Jane said, “I’m kinda mad about losing my job, but I’m not surprised. Sharquana, I’ve failed at every job I’ve ever had. You know why? It’s because I’m dumb and there is nothing I can do about it!” Her attribution is

a. stable, external, and uncontrollable.

b. unstable, internal, and controllable.

c. stable, internal, and uncontrollable.

d. unstable, external, and controllable.

c

___________ is NOT one of Krumboltz’s four career determinants.

a. Genetic endowment

b. Task approach skills

c. Planned happenstance

d. Environmental conditions

d

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about reality therapy?

a. Reality therapists should penalize clients for not following through on their plans.

b. Reality therapists use the WBET system.

c. Determinism is emphasized.

d. Clients are not allowed to make excuses for themselves.

c

A major challenge with self-disclosure in groups is that members often

a. share too much.

b. share too little.

c. do not know how much to share.

d. None of the above.

d

The ___________ scale measures multiple dimensions of an attitude by employing a paired comparison method.

a. Guttman

b. semantic differential

c. Likert

d. Thurstone

d

Which of the following research paradigms most values multiple realities?

a. Positivism

b. Post-positivism

c. Modernism

d. Constructivism

c

A counselor meets with a client who has been distraught after his break up. Today he is livid, and says, “I just found out that my friend who lives up the block is the guy that Geena has been seeing behind my back. I’m going to invite him to go hunting this weekend. At the end of the weekend, maybe he’ll have an accident or disappear. I don’t know.” When asked what he meant, the client grunts, “Have I not been clear? I’m going to kill that punk for taking Geena.” The counselor learns the name of the client’s friend when the client accidentally blurts it. It is the counselor’s legal responsibility in most states to

a. keep the information confidential.

b. warn the identified friend.

c. warn the identified friend and take additional steps to protect him, such as calling the police.

d. keep the information confidential but try to talk the client out of his decision.

a

U.S. society is characterized by which worldview?

a. Internal locus of control–Internal locus of responsibility

b. Internal locus of control–External locus of responsibility

c. External locus of control–Internal locus of responsibility

d. External locus of control–External locus of responsibility

d

___________ is NOT a category of language development theory.

a. Learning theory approach

b. Nativist approach

c. Interactionist approach

d. Epigenetic approach

a

Roe’s occupational classification system comprises eight ___________ that classify the primary focus of activity involved in each occupation and six ___________ that classify the amount of responsibility and ability required by the occupation.

a. groups; levels

b. levels; groups

c. occupational categories; skill levels

d. skill levels; occupational categories

c

Most importantly, counselors with a phenomenological perspective try to

a. understand the important events in clients’ lives.

b. pay attention to the patterns and themes in clients’ stories.

c. ascertain how clients perceive important events in their lives.

d. place clients’ problems in a social context.

b

Maryam’s client is a forty-year old woman who feels that she made an irreparable mistake by not attending graduate school in her twenties. “I’ve let my life pass me by. I’m too old to go back to school so now I’m stuck in this dead-end job forever.” Maryam responded by telling her client that she had not gone to graduate school until she was thirty-nine years old. Self- disclosure results in the shrinking of which quadrant of the Johari window?

a. Public/open quadrant

b. Private/hidden quadrant

c. Blind quadrant

d. Unknown/unconscious quadrant

d

Standard scores

a. compare individual raw scores to a predetermined cutoff score.

b. do not allow comparison of an individual’s scores on different types of tests.

c. include age-equivalent and grade-equivalent scores.

d. compare individual scores to a norm group by converting raw scores to a new score based on the normal curve.

b

An example of ___________ research is interviewing counselor trainees on their experiences in a training program.

a. quantitative

b. qualitative

c. single-subject

d. None of the above.

a

Anyone can be sued for ____________ , but only certain professionals can be sued for ____________ .

a. negligence; malpractice

b. malpractice; negligence

c. slander; libel

d. libel; slander

b

Marla, a 32-year-old White woman, saw pictures of storefronts destroyed during protests. Her father owns an ice cream shop that happens to be popular among both White and Black residents of her town. She fears that he could be injured if the protests continue. She has trouble sleeping that evening and grumbles at the office water cooler the next morning, “I don’t see why our businesses need to suffer. If Black people want us to hear them, why don’t they come peacefully with love in their hearts instead of anger?” Marla is likely in which Helms status?

a. Disintegration

b. Reintegration

c. Encounter

d. Crisis

b

At what stage of psychosexual development does the superego emerge?

a. Anal stage

b. Phallic stage

c. Latency stage

d. Oral stage

b

The Transition-to-Work Inventory

a. matches respondents’ top vocational interests with occupational clusters.

b. is particularly useful for those with limited work experience or who are seeking a new career.

c. primarily measures career interests but also includes self-estimates of abilities and competencies.

d. measures self-reported vocational interests and skills.

d

Outside witnesses in narrative therapy can be any of the following EXCEPT

a. counselors’ previous clients.

b. family members.

c. friends of the client.

d. other counselors in the agency.

d

Leaders can address a group member who exhibits manipulative behavior by using any of the following EXCEPT

a. blocking the behavior.

b. confronting the member about the behavior.

c. initiating concurrent individual counseling with the member.

d. terminating the member.

b

Richard took a high school English test. The average test score on this 100-item test is 65. Richard ran out of time, left a few items blank, and ultimately scored a 65. What is the percentile rank of Richard?

a. 65

b. 50

c. 100

d. None of the above.

d

A counseling researcher is interested in investigating the following research question: “What is the influence of socioeconomic status and school climate on academic achievement?” What might be an example of an extraneous variable?

a. Socioeconomic status

b. School climate

c. Academic achievement

d. School budget cut

a

The legal concept that safeguards client–counselor communications under certain circumstances is called

a. privileged communication.

b. privacy.

c. confidentiality.

d. classified communication.

c

An autonomous counselor working with a disintegration client would likely

a. provide potential for client insight and knowledge around racial issues.

b. want to terminate prematurely with the client.

c. avoid discussing racial issues.

d. protect and nurture the client inappropriately.

d

Gender role development is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT

a. parents.

b. the media.

c. teachers.

d. politicians.

c

Value inventories assist individuals in identifying and prioritizing their

a. cultural values.

b. lifestyle and cultural values.

c. work values.

d. All of the above.

c

Scaling questions are most commonly used in

a. narrative therapy.

b. reality therapy.

c. solution-focused brief counseling.

d. cognitive therapy.

a

Charlie just recently joined a group for substance abusers. The rest of the group members are also in their forties and men. This is an example of a ________ group.

a. homogeneous

b. homologous

c. heterogeneous

d. multifarious

a

Unlike percentile ranks, NCEs

a. divide the normal curve into 100 equal parts.

b. range from 1 to 99.

c. indicate how an individual ranked in relationship to his or her peers.

d. can be converted from a z-score.

a

Retaining a null hypothesis when it is false refers to

a. Type II error.

b. effect size.

c. Type I error.

d. maturation

c

The name of Frank Parsons’s important publication on careers is

a. Vocational Choices.

b. Choosing a Career.

c. Choosing a Vocation.

d. Career Match.

b

In Native American culture, children who establish direct eye contact with an elder would probably be seen as displaying

a. anger.

b. disrespect.

c. agreement.

d. resentment.

b

___________ is NOT one of the five stages of grief.

a. Denial

b. Fear

c. Hopelessness

d. Bargaining

c

Employment rate refers to

a. the number of individuals in the workforce.

b. the number of individuals who are not actively seeking employment, including institutionalized individuals.

c. the number of currently employed individuals divided by the total number of individuals who are of working age.

d. the need to replace those who have left the workforce.