Humanistic Theories and Trait Theories

What is the focus of Abraham Maslow's theory?

The potential for healthy personal growth and self-actualization.

What are the components of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Self-actualization and self-transcendence.

What are the key characteristics of Carl Rogers' growth-promoting environment?

Genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.

What is unconditional positive regard in Rogers' theory?

An acceptance of a person regardless of their behavior.

How do humanistic psychologists assess personality?

Using questionnaires, interviews, and conversations to evaluate self-concept.

What are some criticisms of humanistic theories?

Vague concepts, promotion of individualism, and overly optimistic assumptions.

What do trait theorists focus on?

Stable and enduring patterns of behavior.

What statistical method do trait theorists use to identify behavior clusters?

Factor analysis.

What are the two basic personality dimensions identified by Eysenck?

Extraversion and emotionality.

How does biology relate to personality traits?

Genetic predispositions influence many traits.

What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

A personality inventory used to assess a wide range of feelings and behaviors.

What are the Big Five personality factors?

Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Extraversion (CANOE).

What questions are explored in Big Five research?

Stability, heritability, brain structure reflection, cultural applicability, and behavior prediction.

What does the person-situation controversy suggest?

Behavior is influenced by the interaction of inner disposition and environment.

How do personality traits predict life outcomes?

They can predict mortality, divorce, and occupational attainment.

What is the consistency of specific behaviors across situations?

Weak; average behaviors are predictable, but immediate situations strongly influence behavior.

What is the significance of personality stability?

Personality traits are generally stable and socially significant.