Sudden Illness, Emergencies, and Substance Abuse Lecture

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering sudden illnesses, emergency care procedures, heat and cold injuries, rescue moves, and substance abuse definitions based on the lecture notes.

Acute Illness

An illness that strikes suddenly and lasts only a short time.

Chronic Illness

An illness a person lives with that is ongoing and often requires treatment.

Anaphylaxis

A severe allergic reaction that affects the respiratory system and causes the airway to swell.

Diabetic Emergency Care (Sugar Dosage)

Administer $15\,\text{grams}$ of sugar for a child or $20\,\text{grams}$ for an adult.

Hyperglycemia Signal

A condition characterized by high blood glucose levels, often indicated by a sweet or fruity odor on the breath.

Hypoglycemia

A condition where blood glucose levels are low, often because the person did not eat or over-exercised.

Febrile Seizure

A seizure lead by a fever greater than $1030$ in children.

Fainting (Syncope)

A self-correcting situation involving a temporary lack of blood flow to the brain, often causing the person to become pale and sweaty.

FAST

An acronym for stroke assessment: Face (smile?), Arm (raise both arms?), Speech (repeat a sentence?), and Time (record when symptoms first appeared).

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)

A mini-stroke caused by a partial blockage of blood vessels that fixes itself, often serving as a warning for a future stroke.

Heat Cramps

The least serious heat-related illness, involving muscle cramps in the lower extremities that require rest and small amounts of water.

Heat Exhaustion

A condition caused by working or playing in heat, signaled by fatigue, nausea, and pale, cool, moist (PCC) skin.

Heat Stroke

A life-threatening emergency signaled by vomiting, loss of consciousness, rapid shallow breathing, and an absence of sweating.

Hypothermia

A cold-related emergency where the body temperature drops below $95\%$, leading to shivering, numbness, and irregular pulse.

Frostbite

Localized freezing of body tissues where the skin appears white, yellow, or blue, feels cold, and is numb to the touch.

Frostbite Rewarming Temperature

Rewarm affected parts with warm water at $104^\circ$ until feeling and color return.

Walking Assist

An emergency move used to help a person who can walk but requires assistance to reach safety.

Clothes Drag

An emergency move for responsive or unresponsive persons with suspected head, neck, or back injuries, using the clothing behind the shoulders.

Ankle Drag

An emergency move used for persons who are too large to move by other means over a short distance.

Head Splint

A technique used to immobilize the head and neck during water rescues for suspected spinal injuries.

Ingested Poison

Poisons taken by mouth, including cleaning products, medications, and improperly stored or cooked foods.

Inhaled Poison

Poisons breathed in, such as carbon monoxide, chlorine, or other chemical fumes.

Absorbed Poison

Poisons that enter through the skin, such as poison ivy, poison oak, or various chemicals.

Injected Poison

Poisons entering the body through bites and stings from insects, snakes, or animals.

Abuse

The deliberate, persistent, and excessive use of a substance without regard for legal or medical implications.

Misuse

Using a substance in an inappropriate amount, such as inhalants.

Naloxone

A medication that temporarily reverses the effects of opioids.

Stimulants

Substances that increase physical activity and provide temporary feelings of alertness, such as caffeine, cocaine, and amphetamines.