bonds

Bond length

The distance between two nuclei @ the point of minimum energy

Covalent bond

A bond formed by atoms sharing electrons

Electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract shared electrons

Polarity

Separation of charges

Polar covalent bond

Cov. Bond in which the two atoms have dif electronegativities causing a separation of charges

Non-polar covalent bond

Cov. Bond in which two atoms have identical or very similar electronegativities so that the charger are spaced out evenly

What are covalent bonds made up of?

Non-metals (& sometimes metalloids)

Ionic bond

Bonds formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Coulomb’s Law (equation)

Coulomb’s Law

Calculates the amount of energy between ions in a bond at a specific distance

What are ionic bonds made up of?

A non metal and a metal

Intermolecular forces

Attractive force between neighboring molecules

Permanent dipole dipole

Polar molecules

• Asymmetrical electron distribution around the molecule

• 2 did elements @ a min.

• Dif greater than 0.5 between electronegativities

• dipole moment

Dipole moment

• Caused by the dif in electronegativities

• Causes a separation of positive and negative charges within a molecule

Dipole

An object (molecule) with two equal and opposite charged separated by a distance

Hybrid molecules

Have both polar and non polar atoms