Unit 4 : ISU content (part 1 : Domains Bacteria and Archaea

What is an extremophile

An organism that can survive in extreme environments

What is an Autotroph and a Heterotroph

• Autotrophs produce their own food

• Heterotrophs consume genetic material

what is unicellular and multicellular

• Unicellular organisms are single-celled.

• multicellular organisms have many cells

What are similarities between Bacteria and Archaea (6 key ones)

• both can be extremophiles

• both are unicellular

• both are prokaryotes

• both can be classified as autotrophs or heterotrophs

• both do binary fission

• both have DNA arranged circularly

What are differences between Archaea and Bacteria

• membrane structure is different (archaea have ether linkages while bacteria and eukarya have ester linkages)

• Archaea have lipid monolayers (helpful for surviving harsh climates), while bacteria have lipid bilayers

• Archaea have unique cell walls without a large polymer called peptidoglycan

• on DNA, bacteria tend to have one origin of replication, while archaea tend to have several

Examples of how Bacteria can be bad and good

Good: help protect skin, digest food, break down compost etc

Bad: strep throat, salmonella, chlamydia

Shapes that bacteria come in

• coccus (sphere-based)

• Bacillus (rod-shaped)

• Spirillum (Spiral-shaped)

What is Bacterial Transformation

the taking in of DNA from the environment

What is an Endospore

a type of “hybernating bacteria” allowing to survive hash conditions