Plural identities

Identity politics

The belief in preserving and promoting distinctive cultures while also advocating for a unified Canadian nationality.

Royal Proclamation of 1763

A document issued by King George III in 1763 that outlined guidelines for European settlement in Aboriginal territories in North America.

Treaties

Agreements between indigenous nations and the crown, often involving lump sum payments, land allocation, and hunting and fishing rights.

Quiet Revolution

A period in the 1960s in Quebec characterized by the removal of the Catholic Church from the state and the transformation of Quebec into a secular state.

The Quebec question

The debate surrounding the place of Quebec within Canada, often questioning whether Quebec should be considered a nation within a nation.

Visible minorities and immigration policy

The presence of visible minorities, who make up a significant portion of Canada's population, largely concentrated in urban areas. Immigration policies have shifted from being racist to welcoming highly skilled individuals from around the world.

Multiculturalism

A policy introduced in 1971 by Trudeau's government that aimed to diversify Canada's population and move away from its predominantly British identity.

Competing liberalisms

The existence of different liberal ideologies within mainstream political parties, with varying beliefs on individual liberty and the role of government.

Political culture

The overall liberal political culture in Canada, where individual liberty is valued and choices are allowed within the boundaries of the law.

Liberalism

The political theory that emphasizes individual liberty and the right to make choices within the private sphere, as long as they do not violate any laws.

Types of liberalisms in CDN politics (ideologies)

Social Democracy, Welfare state liberalism, Business liberalism (neoliberalism), and Neo-conservatism.

Political party alignment with liberalisms

Different political parties align with specific liberal ideologies, such as socially conservative views combined with neoliberalism in the case of Neo-conservatism.

Brokerage vs ideological parties

Brokerage parties prioritize gaining votes and are flexible in their beliefs, while ideological parties have a clear belief system that informs their policies.

Responsible government

Canada's system of government that places importance on being on the government side of the House of Commons.