Plural identities
Plural identities
-identity politics
We believe there should be one Canadian nationality; at the same time, we believe in multiculturalism and strive to allow Quebecers and Indigenous peoples, for example, to preserve and promote their distinctive cul-tures.
-Royal Proclamation of 1763
The Royal Proclamation is a document that set out guidelines for European settlement of Aboriginal territories in what is now North America. The Royal Proclamation was initially issued by King George III in 1763 to officially claim British territory in North America after Britain won the Seven Years War.
-treaties
Treaties: agreement between indigenous nations and the crown. (Lump sump payments, small strip on land, turned into reserve, allowed to hunt and fish). Coerced agreement
-why Quebec regional sentiment high -Quiet Revolution
Revolution tranquille 1960s: Removal of Catholic Church from state. French speaking population diminishing. Old conservative flipped in 10 years. Becomes secular state.
-The Quebec question
The Quebec question? What is place of Quebec in Canada. Nation within nation?
-visible minorities and immigration policy
Visible minorities (1/4 of Canada): Largely urban phenomenon.
Early immigration policies racist. Major shift in the 1960s post WWII. Big waves of highly skilled folks from all over.
-multiculturalism
New immigration policies introduced by Liberal governments sought immigrants from all over the world, literally changing the predominantly British face of the country. Trudeau’s 1971 multiculturalism policy moved Canada decisively away from its British connection.
Competing liberalisms
Competing liberalism(s) mainstream parties subscribe to small liberal parties. We don’t have conservative political culture.; lot you are born into is where you reside. Society has hierarchy and you remain in your hierarchy.
-political culture
Political culture of Canada is generally liberal.
-liberalism
Liberty is the idea that there is a sphere of human thought and action that is private and that, within that private sphere, all individuals have the right to make choices for themselves. According to the political theory of liberalism, then, we are free to do whatever we wish provided there is no law prohibiting us from doing so.
-types of liberalisms in CDN politics (ideologies) -main political parties at federal level
Political Ideologies in Canada:
Social Democracy:
Welfare state liberalism:
Business liberalism (neoliberalism): assumption capitalism doing all good work for society
Neo-conservatism: socially conservative views + neoliberalism
-political party alignment with liberalisms -brokerage vs. ideological parties
Brokerage parties: looser sense of belief and flexible in what they offer. Looking at what Canadians want right now. Inconsistent with ideological beliefs, primary goal to grab votes.
Ideological parties: overarching system belief system of world and government in it. Belief system informs everything they think about. Clear line between ideas and policies endorsed.
The Canadian regime is dominated by brokerage parties. There are two major reasons for this. First, Canada’s system of responsible government places a premium on being on the government side of the House of Commons.