Praxis 5038 Writing, Speaking, and Listening

RENNS

-Details a writer can use to support his or her main idea

-Reasons

-Examples

-Names

-Numbers

-Senses

Unity

Demands that the details included in a sentence, paragraph, or text share the same main idea

Coherence

The logical progression of words, sentences, and paragraphs

Spatial sequence

Organizes information according to its position in space

Compare and Contrast

Start by highlighting similarities and then talk about differences

Cause and Effect

Begins by discussing the causes or reasons for a given phenomenon and ends with the effect

Blog

-Communication tool for teachers with their classes

-Can post and receive comments back

Wikis

-Websites enabling visitors to make contributions, changes, or corrections to content

-Collaborative community

-Wikipedia

Effective presentations/speeches for students

-Eye contact

-Body language

-Tone

-Bias

-Visuals

-Concise

-Clarity

Recommendations for visual aids

-Don't stand in front of it

-Don't let the visual overpower the presenter

-Practice with the visual

-Still make eye contact with the audience

-Make sure room is appropriate for visual aid

-Visual has a clear purpose

-Keep it simple

Research based strategies for writing instruction

-Writing workshop

-Models

-Collaborative writing

-Process writing

Writing workshop

Teacher does a mini lesson on a skill in the writing process and then gives the students time to write on their own or in small groups. The teacher circulates around and works with students one-on-one and small groups. At the end of class, students share their work.

Models

Good examples of writing used to highlight specific characteristics. Students will view and discuss the model and then attempt to apply their knowledge in their own writing. Teachers can also model a skill for the students. When first learning a skill, a teacher should model it to the class before anything.

Collaborative writing

-Useful when students are new to a particular skill or process or when all may not be entirely confident

-Also useful for students to practice reviewing and giving feedback

-Occurs when partners or small groups of students work together to complete segments of a writing process together

Process writing

-Completing each step:

-Brainstorming/outlining/mapping

-Drafting

-Revising

-Editing

Summative Assessment

Tasks that are intended to asses a student's overall mastery of a long-term objective (E.g. tests and exams)

Formative Assessment

Assignments given leading up to the summative assessment to track student progress and adjust instruction (E.g. daily work, homework, quizzes)

Holistic Rubric

Provide a grade based on the overall effectiveness of the product

Analytic Rubric

A type of assessment rubric in which component categories are broken down

Formal outline

-Thesis statement

-Main points in grammatically similar structure

-Sub-points in grammatically similar structure

-Active voice

-Action verbs

-Consistency (clausal or phrasal)

-Restatement of the thesis

Citing outside sources involves what 3 elements?

1.) In-text introductions

2.) In-text citations

3.) A reference page, bibliography, or works cited page listing the sources

Think-pair-share

-Students share their response with their partner briefly before sharing with the whole class

-Helpful when everyone in class is expected to share without much prompting

-Helpful in a new class to help students get to know each other and practice sharing their response before going to a bigger group

Socratic seminar

Teacher asks questions and allows the class to share their responses and build off each other's ideas

Debate

Students need to speak on topics they've researched and use evidence to defend their positions

Jigsaw activity

A jigsaw activity is a cooperative group activity. Each group completes a different part of the assignment, and all groups share their part with the class, creating a composite understanding analogous to solving a puzzle

Didactic Approach

Involves the teacher lecturing or asking questions while students passively receive information

Why is it important to include a targeted review in an English lesson?

Students are distracted and overwhelmed if they struggle to recall concepts while simultaneously

trying to process new information

How can studying conflict in a story reveal that story's theme?

Reasons for the resolution of a conflict and the nature of that resolution reveal theme

What is learning that takes place when the student needs it or is able to understand it as a tool in learning diversification?

Just-in-time learning

Writers would consider an opinion editorial to be what mode of writing?

Journalistic

What is the best definition of a public speaking blog?

A tool to present speech delivery techniques and tools

In writing and speaking tasks, what does the word analyze mean in the instructions?

To separate into parts in order to discuss each par

Which of the following best explains how a debate differs from a discussion?

In a debate, a student argues a point; in a discussion, students gain a deeper understanding of a

specific topic or text

Code Switching

Code-switching is a well-documented linguistic move that is defined as the ability to modify one's language according to audience and purpose. It is particularly associated with speakers of a dialect of English (e.g., African American English) as their home language.

Text features in expository writing

-Analysis of text features helps readers gain full comprehension of a passage

-.Content can be presented and supplemented with text features

-Text features include graphs, charts, titles, and headings