APUSH MODULE I SET II

Powhatan

Leader of a powerful Native confederacy in Virginia; initially interacted with Jamestown settlers.

Proprietor

An individual granted ownership of a colony by the English crown (e.g., Lord Baltimore in Maryland).

Slavery

System of forced labor and dehumanization, especially racialized in the Americas where Africans were enslaved for plantation labor.

Spanish Armada

The massive Spanish fleet defeated by England in 1588; marked the rise of English naval power.

Starving Time

Winter of 1609–1610 in Jamestown where food shortages led to extreme suffering and high mortality.

Treaty of Tordesillas

1494 agreement dividing the Americas between Spain and Portugal, sanctioned by the Pope.

Triangle trade route

A three-part Atlantic trade

Virginia Company

Joint-stock company that funded the founding of Jamestown in 1607.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Old World and the New after Columbus’s voyages.

Maize

Corn; a staple crop domesticated in the Americas that fueled population growth in both hemispheres.

Pueblo

Native peoples of the American Southwest, known for adobe dwellings and irrigation agriculture.