21st Lesson 1–4; 4th Quarter

A collection of literary works—including poetry, prose, drama, epics, and folktales—produced by Asian writers across various periods and languages.

What is the definition of Asian Literature according to the text?

Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.

Which four religions are identified as influencing factors that shape themes and moral lessons in Asian literature?

Through dynasties, empires, colonization, and social hierarchies.

How do politics and governance influence Asian literary perspectives?

Works preserves myths, legends, and historical events.

What is the role of "History and Tradition" in Asian works?

True

True or False: Chinese literature is one of the world's oldest traditions.

Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism

Along which three philosophies/religions did Chinese literature develop?

Tang Dynasty

Which dynasty is regarded as the "Golden Age" of Chinese poetry?

618–907 CE

What are the dates for the Tang Dynasty?

Poetry

What is considered the most prestigious literary form in Chinese tradition?

Symbolism

Chinese poetry places a heavy emphasis on nature imagery and what else?

Moral values, loyalty, and social responsibility

What three values does Chinese literature typically reflect?

To comment on society and politics

How are personal emotions used in Chinese literature?

Li Po (Li Bai)

Which poet is known for "imaginative imagery" and "Daoist influence"?

Freedom, wine, and nature

What three things did Li Po famously celebrate in his work?

Tu Fu (Du Fu)

Which poet is titled the "Poet-Historian"?

Realism

Tu Fu’s work is characterized by compassion and what other quality?

War and poverty

What social issues did Tu Fu’s poetry reflect?

Qin, Sui, Tang, and Qing

According to the visual data diagrams, which four dynasties are central to Chinese history?

Emotional depth, subtlety, and aesthetic simplicity

What three qualities define the background of Japanese literature?

Mono no aware

What is the Japanese term for the appreciation of nature and impermanence?

False

True or False: Japanese literature prefers complex, decorative language over simple language.

A short poetic form of 17 syllables describing nature or fleeting moments.

What is a "Haiku"?

5-7-5

What is the syllable structure of a Haiku?

Noh

Which theatrical form is a 14th-century classical theater for the elite?

Slow, masked, and spiritual

What are the key characteristics of Noh performances?

Kabuki

Which theatrical form is a 17th-century theater for common people?

Elaborate costumes and colorful makeup

What features characterize Kabuki theater?

Matsuo Basho

Who is considered the greatest master of Haiku?

1644–1694

What were the dates of Matsuo Basho's life?

Zen philosophy

What did Matsuo Basho integrate into his art besides travel?

Izanagi and Izanami

Which primordial deities created the Japanese islands?

Amaterasu

Who is the Sun Goddess and ruler of the heavens?

Classical Chinese

In what language were early Korean literary works written?

Hangul

What is the Korean writing system invented in the mid-15th century?

It allowed literature to flourish among common people.

What was the impact of the invention of Hangul?

Native songs written in 4, 8, or 10 lines

What are "Hyangga"?

10-line version

Which version of the Hyangga is the oldest and most common?

The Koryo period

When was the "Pyõlgok" (Changga) form popular?

Love and longing, using refrains

What is the primary focus of Pyõlgok poetry?

A three-line poem with strict syllable structure focusing on Confucian values.

What is a "Sijo"?

Long narrative poems in balanced couplets

What are "Kasa"?

Seo Jeong-ju (Midang)

Who is the modern Korean poet influenced by Buddhism and folklore?

The Nobel Prize

Seo Jeong-ju was nominated for which international award?

Oldest sacred Hindu texts in Sanskrit

What are the "Vedas"?

Upanishads

Which Indian texts are philosophical writings on existence and the self?

Mahabharata

Which Indian epic explores "dharma," war, and morality?

Loyalty, honor, and leadership

What does the "Ramayana" focus on?

Rabindranath Tagore

Who was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature?

1913

In what year did Tagore win the Nobel Prize?

Bengali literature

Which literature did Rabindranath Tagore modernize?

Matsuo Basho

Who is the author of "The Story of the Aged Mother"?

Shinano

What is the setting of the story?

That all elderly must be put to death

What cruel decree did the ruler issue?

To a mountain

Where did the farmer attempt to take his mother to abandon her?

54 nations

How many nations compose the continent of Africa according to the text?

True

True or False: Each African nation possesses its own unique history, culture, and tribes.

Common characteristics that reflect collective experiences

What do African literary works share despite the continent’s immense diversity?

English, French, and Portugese

Name three foreign languages in which African written works are produced.

Oral literature

African literature ranges from written works in foreign languages to what other primary form?

To educate and entertain people

What is the dual purpose of oral forms in African societies?

Cultural conflict and identity struggles

What did colonization lead to in African literature?

16th and 19th centuries

Between which centuries were millions of Africans enslaved and taken to Western countries?

African Diaspora

What term refers to the forced dispersion of African people across the world?

After World War II

When did African writers increasingly begin publishing works expressing pride in heritage and hope for independence?

Indigenous and colonial cultures

Post-WWII literature often expressed a clash between which two cultures?

European oppression

What did Post-WWII African writers condemn in their works?

Independence and self-determination

Along with pride in heritage, what did post-war writers express hope for?

Chinua Achebe

Who wrote the novel Things Fall Apart?

Nigeria

From which country is Chinua Achebe?

The impact of colonialism on Igbo society

What does Things Fall Apart explore?

Okonkwo

Who is the central character in Things Fall Apart?

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Who is the author of Half of a Yellow Sun?

The Nigerian Civil War

What is the setting/context of the story in Half of a Yellow Sun?

Love and survival

What are the two main themes of Half of a Yellow Sun?

Buchi Emecheta

Who wrote The Joys of Womanhood?

Woman’s struggles in post-colonial Nigerian society

What does The Joys of Womanhood examine?

Tanzania

In the story of Masala Kulangwa, where is the setting?

An African folktale

What type of story is Masala Kulangwa and the Monster Shing'weng'we?

Masala Kulangwa

Who is the protagonist described as a "clever young man"?

Shing’weng’we

What is the name of the monster in the folktale?

A grasshopper

Name the first animal Masala Kulangwa mistakenly attacks.

A bird

What is the second creature Masala Kulangwa mistakenly attacks?

By restoring those consumed

How did Masala Kulangwa demonstrate responsibility after defeating the monster?

Post World War II

Situational: If a story focuses on the "clash between indigenous and colonial cultures," it is likely from which era?

Oral tradition

Situational: A storyteller uses a proverb to teach a child about their ancestors. What form of literature is this?

Colonization/Cultural Conflict

Situational: A character in a novel is struggling with their identity because of the rules imposed by a foreign government. What theme is this?

The people chose him as their leader

What happened to Masala Kulangwa after he defeated the monster?

Half of a Yellow Sun

Which work is a "story of love and survival"?

One of the most influential literary traditions in the world.

How is European Literature defined in the text?

History, beliefs, struggles, and intellectual development

What four aspects of European societies does this literature reflect?

Ancient Greece and Rome

To which two ancient civilizations are the roots of European literature traced?

Western philosophy

Ancient Greek and Roman literature laid the foundations for Western art, literary expression, politics, and what else?

Christianity, education, and the development of vernacular languages

What three factors contributed to the spread of European literature?

Circa 750 BC

When did the period of Ancient European Literature begin?

39 books

How many books comprise the Old Testament in Hebrew religious writings?

Poetry, laws, historical narratives, and prophetic writings

What are the four types of content found in Hebrew religious writings?

Faith, morality, justice, and ethical living

On what four values does Hebrew literature place its emphasis?

Oral tradition

From what tradition did Greek Epic Poetry originate?

Warrior culture

What kind of culture did Greek Epic Poetry reflect?

Homer

Who is the author attributed to The Iliad and The Odyssey?