Lesson 12: Language Teaching Strategies in Early Childhood Education

entrainment

fetus language learning, interactional synchronization of sounds and movement in uteri

infant directed speech

short utterance length and simple syntax, small core vocabulary, "here + now" topics, exaggerated nonlinguistic cues, frquent questioning and greeting, varied paralinguistic cues, infant behaviors treated as meaningful

contingent responding

infant, a caregiver's interactional strategy or social reply based on a child's nonverbal action or vocalization

contingent imitation

infant, directly imitating a child's actions, sounds, or facial expressions in order to shape meaning

toddler prompting

direct questions, cloz statements (starting/promoting a sentence), creating obstacles, drawing attention to an object or event, modeling, mand modeling (command model)

reformulation

toddler, restating a child's utterance, also called "recast"

expansion

toddler, restating a child's utterance in adult form

extension

restating a child's utterance in an adult form and adding semantically related content

partial-plus expansion

preschool, caregiver self repetition followed by an expansion

praise/encouragement

preschool, maintaining/reintroducing the topic through encouragement or praise

turnabout

preschool, some type of response to a previous utterance and in turn requires a response

indirect means of language learning

conversations that the child is not involved in, tv and videos, radio, and games