CRIMJ 100 last exam

What is probation?

A sentence allowing an offender to remain in the community under supervision instead of prison

What is parole?

The conditional release of an inmate before their sentence ends with supervision

Probation vs parole

Probation is instead of prison; parole is after prison

What is a technical violation?

Breaking probation or parole rules without committing a new crime

What is revocation?

The removal of probation or parole resulting in possible incarceration

What are intermediate sanctions?

Punishments more restrictive than probation but less than prison

What is electronic monitoring?

Tracking an offender's location using a device

What is home confinement?

Serving a sentence at home instead of prison

What is intensive supervision probation (ISP)?

A stricter form of probation with closer monitoring

What is a pretrial diversion program?

An alternative to trial where treatment is completed for dropped charges

What is discretionary release?

Early release decided by a parole board

What is mandatory release?

Release after serving full sentence minus good time

What is a parole board?

A group that decides whether inmates are granted parole

What is net widening?

The expansion of correctional control over more people

What is a caseload?

The number of offenders supervised by an officer

What is classification?

The process of evaluating inmates to determine security and treatment needs

What is custody level?

The security designation assigned to an inmate

List the four prison security levels

Minimum medium maximum supermax

What is a supermax prison?

A highly secure prison for the most dangerous inmates with extreme control

What is a maximum security prison?

A prison designed to control dangerous offenders and prevent escape

What is a minimum security prison?

A facility with more freedom for low risk inmates

What is a jail?

A local facility for short term detention

Jail vs prison

Jail is local and short term; prison is state or federal and long term

What are pretrial detainees?

Individuals held in jail because they cannot post bail

What is time served?

Credit for time spent in jail before trial

What is the separate confinement system?

A system where inmates are isolated at all times

What is the congregate system?

A system where inmates work together in silence

What is a lockdown?

When inmates are confined and normal activities stop

What is the medical model?

Treating criminal behavior as a condition that can be cured

What is a private prison?

A prison run by a corporation for profit

Who is the warden?

The person in charge of a prison

What is a total institution?

A place that controls all aspects of life

What is prisonization?

The process of inmates adapting to prison culture

What is the deprivation model?

Violence caused by frustration from loss of freedom and needs

What is relative deprivation?

Violence caused when inmates lose freedoms they previously had

What is a prison gang?

A group of inmates organized for criminal or social activity

What is a security threat group STG?

A group of three or more inmates who engage in activity that poses a threat to the safety of other inmates or the prison staff.

What is the hands off doctrine?

Courts avoiding involvement in prison operations

What is deliberate indifference?

Officials know about harm and ignore it

What are identifiable human needs?

Basic necessities like food water and medical care

What is cognitive behavioral therapy CBT?

A treatment that helps inmates change thinking patterns

What are prison programs?

Activities that improve inmate skills health and rehabilitation

What is prisoner reentry?

Preparing inmates to return to society

What is a halfway house?

A supervised living facility for reintegration

What is a work release program?

Inmates work during the day and return at night

What is a furlough?

Temporary release from prison

What is expiration release?

Release after completing the full sentence

What is a pardon?

An act that erases a conviction

What is civil confinement?

Holding someone because they are considered dangerous

What is desistance?

The process of gradually stopping criminal behavior

What are the three goals of prison governance?

Order amenities and services

What does order mean in prisons?

The absence of inmate misconduct

What are amenities in prison?

Basic living conditions like cleanliness and safety

What are services in prison?

Programs like education treatment and training

What are the three classification criteria for inmates?

Seriousness of crime risk of future violence and need for treatment

What is the main mission of prison administrators?

Keep inmates in safe controlled healthy and busy

What is the main purpose of a supermax prison?

To strictly control inmate movement and isolate dangerous offenders

Why did the Pennsylvania system fail?

It caused insanity and was too expensive

Why did the New York system replace the Pennsylvania system?

It allowed group labor and was more practical

What is prisonization's main impact on inmates?

It makes adjusting back to society more difficult

Why is prison violence common?

To establish power avoid victimization gain respect and obtain goods

What is a prison riot?

A situation where inmates gain control of the facility for a period of time

Why is overcrowding a problem in jails?

It increases stress violence and poor living conditions

What are the three major problems of inmates?

Mental illness physical health problems and substance abuse

What is decarceration?

Efforts to reduce prison populations

What are three strategies for decarceration?

Reduce sentencing increase early release and reduce parole violations

What is a consequence of mass incarceration on families?

Millions of children have incarcerated parents

What is the role conflict of probation officers?

Helping offenders while also protecting society

What are the two roles of probation officers?

Investigative and supervisory

What is the main goal of probation?

Reduce recidivism while supervising offenders in the community

What increases risk of probation failure?

Substance abuse unemployment and criminal attitudes

What is a parole grant hearing?

A meeting where the parole board decides whether to release an inmate

What factors influence parole decisions?

Criminal history behavior in prison and seriousness of offense

What is the difference between discretionary and mandatory release?

Discretionary is decided by a board mandatory is automatic

What is net widening in simple terms?

More people get pulled into the system instead of fewer

What is the main goal of reentry programs?

Help inmates transition and reduce reoffending

What are the biggest challenges of reentry?

Jobs housing and adjusting to society

Why do inmates struggle after release?

Prison rules do not match real world expectations

What is the motherhood problem in prisons?

Female inmates are separated from their children

What is the main difference between male and female prisons?

Female prisons have less violence

What is the purpose of halfway houses?

Help inmates gradually return to society

What works best in reducing recidivism?

Job support and substance abuse treatment