Ichec anglais bilingue bac 2 Q1

Key indicators

Indicateurs clefs

Jobs market

How many people are in employment/unemployment/out of work

Disposable incomes

What people have available to spend after buying essentials (food, elec,...)

retail sales / consumer spending

How much people spend in shops

Consumer borrowing

How much people have borrowed in loans

Property/housing market

House price, price & availability of mortgages

Mortgages

Loans to buy property

Interest rates

How much it cost to borrow money

Inflation

How fast prices are rising

Trade balance

How much the country is importing and exporting

Trade surplus

When export>import

Trade gap

When import>export

Exchange rate

Value of a country's currency

Government spending

Amount that the gov pays for everything he provides

Budget surplus

When taxes>spends

Budget déficit

When Spend>taxes

Economic growth

When country's economic activity increase

Recovery period

When economy recovers from a trough

Trough / bottom

Lowest point of economy

Prosperity period

When ppl/companies have money and feel confident about the future

Expansion period

Period marked by recovery and prosperity

Peak

Highest point of the economy

Decline

Grow more slowly

Economy can shrink

The economy can ... in a period of contraction

Contraction

Economy get smaller

Business cycle / economic

Peak - contraction - trough - recovery - peak - ...

Economy is booming

Economy is growing fast

Sustainable levels

Bringing economic activity to a level where they can be continued

Recession

Period of declining activity (lasting for min 6 months)

Depression / slump

Long period of severe recession

Boom and bust cycle

Cycle of depressions / booms

A bubble

Period when demand grows too fast leading to prices rising too fast

At the top of the market

When price were the highest

Sub prime (NINJA)

No income no job or assets

Securities

Lending

Default on

Stop repaying

Toxic assets

Worthless assets

Light touch regulation

Regulators are not strict enough

Ratings agencies

Organizations that publish risk levels of securities

Deleverage

Rely less on borrowed money

Full blown

Total

Deflation

Period of falling price and falling demand, difficult to end

Stimulus packages

Actions designed to increase economy activity

Printing money

Putting more money into the economy than really existed

Galloping inflation

Price rising very fast

Stagflation

Inflation with no economic growth

Ethics (countable)

Moral beliefs about what is right wrong

Ethics (uncountable)

Study of ethics

ethical behavior

Doing things that are morally right

Ethical Lapse

Temporary failure to act in the correct way

Ethical Dilemma

Choice between 2 actions that might be both morally wrong

Ethical Standard

Rule for moral behavior in a particular area

Ethical Stance

Stated opinion about the right thing to do in a situation

Ethical Issue

An area where moral behavior is important

Accountable

Open about what they do and able to explain their actions

Dealing

Business transactions

Transparent

Not hidden or secret

Probity

Complete honesty

Above board

Completely open and honest

Bribes

Money given to someone to act unethically

Social performances

How company behavior affects employees and the society

Social reporting

When company give regularly informations about the social impact of their activities

Stakeholder theory

Idea that companies have responsibilities to all the people affected by their activity (not only employees, stakeholders,..)

Social issues

Areas of concern (unemployment, poverty)

Social Justice

Idea that people should be treated fairly, equitably

Social Programmes

Actions by gov. To reduce poverty, unemployment,...

Social Responsibility

When companies are concerned about the consequences of their activity on the community as a whole

Social Welfare

When work conditions are good and people are happy

Sweatshop labour

Underpaid people with bad working conditions

Labour standards

Suppliers work in good conditions

Child labour

Worker that are under the legal age

Stringent

Strict

Environmental pollution

Damage to the land, sea caused by industry

Effluent

Toxic liquids that industry discharge into rivers/sea

Radioactivity

Form of energy than can harm human/animals

Carcinogenic

Cause cancer

Sustainable

In ways that maintain the resources they rely on

Recyclable

Reusable in new products

Global warming

Increase in temperatures around the world

Droughts

Period of low/no rainfall

Carbon footprint

Amount of CO2 produced by activities

Climate treaties

International agreements on environment

Capped

Limited to a particular level

Traded

Bought and sold

Offset

Compensated

Corporate governance

How the company is organized and managed at the highest level

Indépendant board members

Outsiders with relevant management experience who are invited to sit on the board, bringing an external view

Stewardship

The way a company is guided managed and protected

Executive pay

Executive remuneration or compensation

Share/stock options

Chance to buy shares in the company cheaply

Bonuses

Extra payments

Bailed out

Rescued

Fat cats

Des cadres qui ont un salaire élevé et beaucoup de bénéfices

Remuneration committee

People who make decisions about remunerations

Investment funds

Funds from different investors

Sustainability

Idea that the economy should be organized in ways that can be continued without causing irreversible environmental damages

Gender equality

Equal rights for men and women

In employment, out of work, unemployed

central bank

soft landing

An economic term referring to a gradual slowdown in growth, avoiding recession.