Análisis

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What is a set?

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25 Terms

1

What is a set?

A set is a collection of objects called elements or members of that set.

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2

What does the symbol ∅ represent?

The empty set, which has no elements.

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3

What does a ∈ S mean?

It means that 'a is an element in S'.

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4

How do we denote that a is not an element of a set S?

a /∈ S.

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5

What does the symbol ∀ mean?

It means 'for all'.

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6

What is indicated by the notation A ⊂ B?

A set A is a subset of B, meaning every element of A is in B.

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7

What does it mean if two sets A and B are equal, A = B?

If A ⊂ B and B ⊂ A.

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8

Define a proper subset.

A set A is a proper subset of B, noted as A ( B, if A ⊂ B and A is not equal to B.

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9

How is the union of two sets A and B defined?

The union A ∪ B is the set {x | x ∈ A or x ∈ B}.

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10

What is De Morgan's Law regarding complements?

(B ∪ C)c = Bc ∩ Cc.

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11

What is the well-ordering property of natural numbers?

If S ⊂ N, then there exists an x ∈ S such that x ≤ y for all y ∈ S.

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12

What does the theorem of mathematical induction state?

If P(1) is true and for all m, if P(m) is true implies P(m + 1) is true, then P(n) is true for all n.

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13

What does the notation {x ∈ A | P(x)} signify?

It represents all x ∈ A that satisfies the property P(x).

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14

For all c ≠ 1, what is the formula involving the sum of a geometric series?

1 + c + c^2 + ... + c^n = (1 - c^{n+1}) / (1 - c).

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15

What does the theorem state regarding (1 + c)n for c ≥ -1?

(1 + c)n ≥ 1 + nc for all n ∈ N.

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16

¿Qué es la lógica?

La lógica es el estudio de los principios del razonamiento válido.

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17

¿Qué son las proposiciones en lógica?

Las proposiciones son afirmaciones que pueden ser verdaderas o falsas.

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18

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre lógica inductiva y deducción?

La lógica inductiva generaliza a partir de ejemplos, mientras que la deducción extrae conclusiones específicas a partir de premisas generales.

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19

¿Qué es un silogismo?

Un silogismo es una forma de razonamiento deductivo que consta de dos premisas y una conclusión.

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20

¿Qué representa la tautología en lógica?

Una tautología es una expresión que siempre es verdadera, independientemente de los valores de verdad de sus variables.

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21

¿Qué es un argumento válido?

Un argumento es válido si la conclusión se sigue lógicamente de las premisas.

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22

¿Qué es una falacia?

Una falacia es un error en el razonamiento que debilita un argumento.

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23

¿Qué son las leyes de De Morgan?

Las leyes de De Morgan son principios que describen cómo se relacionan las conjunciones y disyunciones con las negaciones.

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24

¿Qué es una demostración en lógica?

Una demostración es una secuencia de razonamientos que muestra la verdad de una proposición.

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25

¿Qué es la lógica proposicional?

La lógica proposicional es una rama de la lógica que estudia las proposiciones y sus relaciones a través de conectores lógicos.

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