Neuro data, motor control, pnf

Right Hemisphere

The non-dominant hemisphere. It is primarily responsible for processing sensory information from the left side of the body and plays a crucial role in creative functions, artistic abilities, and spatial reasoning skills.

Left Hemisphere

The dominant hemisphere in most individuals. It is primarily responsible for verbal and analytical processing, which includes tasks related to language production, comprehension, and motor control of the right side of the body.

Brachial Plexus

A complex network of nerves that originates from the spinal cord in the neck region and innervates the muscles of the upper limb. This network is essential for both motor and sensory functions, facilitating movement and sensation in the arms and hands.

Intrinsic Feedback

The sensory information that individuals receive from their own body’s sensory channels, such as auditory cues and proprioceptive signals. It helps an individual self-assess their performance based on their internal perceptions.

Extrinsic Feedback

Information that comes from an external source, such as a coach or a video analysis, following the performance of a movement. It provides an outside perspective on the effectiveness and execution of the skill.

Knowledge of Results (KR)

A type of feedback that focuses specifically on the outcomes of a movement, informing the performer about the success of the skill execution. It helps individuals understand whether they achieved their goals.

Knowledge of Performance (KP)

Feedback that centers on the quality of the movement itself. It provides insights on how well the movement was executed, including technique and execution accuracy.

Massed Practice

A training schedule characterized by short rest periods that are significantly less than the practice time. This approach is often used to develop skills through repeated practice with minimal intervals of rest.

Distributed Practice

A training schedule with longer rest periods, where practice time is equal to or less than the rest time. This method is believed to enhance learning and retention by allowing for more recovery between practice sessions.

Neural Plasticity

The remarkable ability of the nervous system to adapt and reorganize itself in response to experience, learning, or injury. This adaptability is essential for recovery and rehabilitation following brain injuries or neurological conditions.

Rhythmic Stabilization

A facilitation technique used in rehabilitation that encourages stability by promoting co-contraction of muscles surrounding a target area. This method is aimed at enhancing the stability of a joint or body part.

Slow Reversal/Dynamic Reversals

A therapeutic technique that promotes mobility and coordination. It involves rhythmic alternating contractions of opposing muscle groups to enhance motor control and functional movement.

Hold Relax Technique

A manual therapy approach aimed at increasing range of motion and promoting relaxation. It involves holding a stretched position isometrically before allowing a relax phase, facilitating lengthening of the muscle.

Alternating Isometrics

A facilitation technique where isometric contractions are applied in alternating directions. This technique aims to improve stability and strength during rehabilitation exercises.

Contract Relax Technique

A stretching method that aims to improve range of motion by first contracting the muscle group being stretched, followed by relaxation. This facilitates an increase in muscle length and flexibility.

Agonistic Reversals

Both concentric and eccentric muscle contractions to promote controlled mobility and enhance muscular endurance. This technique is often used in physical therapy to improve functional movements.

Musculocutaneous Nerve

A major nerve that branches from the brachial plexus. It innervates the flexor muscles of the arm, such as the biceps brachii and brachialis, and provides sensory innervation to part of the forearm, contributing to both movement and sensation.

Axillary Nerve

Innervates shoulder: externally rotate and abducts. Gives sensation over the lower deltoid region and part of the upper arm. Dysfunction would not allow the person to abduct beyond 15 degrees and have a loss of sensation.

Median Nerve

It innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm and some intrinsic hand muscles, affecting pronation and some digit movement. Additionally, it provides sensory input from the palmar side of the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring fingers. Injury to the median nerve can result in symptoms like pain and numbness, particularly in conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome.

Radial Nerve

It innervates muscles in the posterior part of the arm and forearm, including the triceps brachii, anconeus, and the extensors responsible for wrist and finger movements. This nerve plays a crucial role in actions such as extending the elbow, wrist, and fingers. Furthermore, it provides sensory information from the skin over the posterior arm, forearm, and part of the hand, especially the dorsal surfaces and the fingertips of the first three digits.Injury to the radial nerve can lead to wrist drop, affecting the ability to extend the wrist and fingers.

Ulnar nerve

Innervates the anterior compartment of forearm and hand and hand intrinsic muscles. Provides sensation to the palmar and dorsal aspects of the little finger and part of the ring finger. Injury can result in weakness of grip and a characteristic claw hand deformity.