heat study set

Matter

what the universe is made of

Solids, liquids, and gasses

the 3 main phases of matter

Energy

in order for matter to change phases, it requires...

Liquid to solid

energy needs to be taken away for this matter change

Absolute zero

when molecules come to a complete stop it is called

Solid, liquid, gas

slowest to fastest particle motion

Matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

Particle

smallest piece of a substance

Solid

definite volume and shape, particles are vibrating

Liquid

definite volume but no definite shape, particles are flowing

Gas

no definite shape or volume, particles are flying

Compression

making particles closer together by force

Contraction

making particles closer together by cooling

Expansion

making particles farther apart

Kinetic energy

energy of motion

Calorie

unit of energy that will raise the temp of 1g of water 1 degree celsius

Mass x delta T

expression for finding calories

Final temperature - initial temperature

expression for finding delta T

Temperature 1 + temperature 2/ 2

expression for finding final temperature

conservation of energy

energy cannot be created or destroyed during energy transfers

conservation of matter

no matter is created or destroyed during a reaction

Physical changes

substance changes form but still same substance (ex. Melting, freezing, crushing, bending, breaking)

Chemical change

substance combines with another substance to create a NEW substance

Melt

the change from solid to liquid

Freeze

the change from liquid to solid

Evaporate

the change from liquid to gas

Condense

the change from gas to liquid

Sublime

the change from solid to gas

Deposit

the change from gas to solid

Solid to liquid to gas

energy is transferred TO the substance

Gas to liquid to solid

energy is transferred FROM the substance

Hot to cold

heat always moves/goes from...

Radiation

heat transfer by waves

Conduction

heat transfer by touch

Convection

heat transfer by motion

Convection movement

less dense goes up, more dense goes down

The average temperature

when two different equal amounts of water that are different temperatures are mixed together, the final temperature should be the what?

Dissolving

when the attraction between the particles of the solvent and solute are strong enough to overcome the attraction of the particles of the solute for one another

Convection cycle

forms wind, less dense air moves up, more dense air sinks

Convection current

drives the ocean currents and weather, the hotter water in the ocean rises and the cooler water sinks

Pressure and temperature's relationship

more pressure in heat, less in cold

True

the pacific ocean is cooler than the atlantic ocean

False

when water moves, it leaves a void and nothing fills its place