in order for matter to change phases, it requires...
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Liquid to solid
energy needs to be taken away for this matter change
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Absolute zero
when molecules come to a complete stop it is called
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Solid, liquid, gas
slowest to fastest particle motion
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Matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
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Particle
smallest piece of a substance
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Solid
definite volume and shape, particles are vibrating
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Liquid
definite volume but no definite shape, particles are flowing
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Gas
no definite shape or volume, particles are flying
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Compression
making particles closer together by force
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Contraction
making particles closer together by cooling
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Expansion
making particles farther apart
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Kinetic energy
energy of motion
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Calorie
unit of energy that will raise the temp of 1g of water 1 degree celsius
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Mass x delta T
expression for finding calories
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Final temperature - initial temperature
expression for finding delta T
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Temperature 1 + temperature 2/ 2
expression for finding final temperature
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conservation of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed during energy transfers
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conservation of matter
no matter is created or destroyed during a reaction
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Physical changes
substance changes form but still same substance (ex. Melting, freezing, crushing, bending, breaking)
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Chemical change
substance combines with another substance to create a NEW substance
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Melt
the change from solid to liquid
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Freeze
the change from liquid to solid
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Evaporate
the change from liquid to gas
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Condense
the change from gas to liquid
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Sublime
the change from solid to gas
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Deposit
the change from gas to solid
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Solid to liquid to gas
energy is transferred TO the substance
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Gas to liquid to solid
energy is transferred FROM the substance
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Hot to cold
heat always moves/goes from...
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Radiation
heat transfer by waves
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Conduction
heat transfer by touch
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Convection
heat transfer by motion
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Convection movement
less dense goes up, more dense goes down
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The average temperature
when two different equal amounts of water that are different temperatures are mixed together, the final temperature should be the what?
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Dissolving
when the attraction between the particles of the solvent and solute are strong enough to overcome the attraction of the particles of the solute for one another
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Convection cycle
forms wind, less dense air moves up, more dense air sinks
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Convection current
drives the ocean currents and weather, the hotter water in the ocean rises and the cooler water sinks
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Pressure and temperature's relationship
more pressure in heat, less in cold
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True
the pacific ocean is cooler than the atlantic ocean
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False
when water moves, it leaves a void and nothing fills its place
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