Prokaryotic cells

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUtLknXQQEY

What are differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

pro is smaller then eu.

pro has no membrane bound organelles at all, this means in pro cells DNA is found in cytoplasm rather than nucleus

In pro cells, DNA is arranged into a circular chromosome with no free ends, also not bound to histone proteins

Sometimes bacterial cells contain small loops of DNA called plasmids

Pro cells contain 70S ribosomes, also used to carry out protein synthesis.

What do plasmids contain

A relatively small number of genes. These can include genes that make the bacterium resistant to antibiotics.

What is the cell wall made from in bacterial cells

Peptidoglycan, also called murein

it is a polymer formed between peptides, and polysaccharide molecules

The bacterial cell wall helps to maintain the structure of the cell , e.g if water moves into bac cell by osmosis, the cell wall prevents the cell from bursting/

Whats a slime capsule

Some bacteria produce a slime capsule on the outside of the cell wall ,

This can help to protect the bacteria from phagocytosis by white blood cells.

Whats a flagellum

Helps some pro cells to move, also seen in sperm cells

Pro flagellum has different structure though to euk

What is pili

Fine protein strands on surface of some bacteria

They help bacteria to attach to surfaces, and also attach to other bacteria

When two bacteria are attached, DNA can be transferred from one bacterium to another,

What is lipid droplets and glycogen granules.

They act as nutrient stores for bacterial cell.

What is mesosome

Sometimes using electron microscope, we can see infoldings in cell membrane of pro cells. they are called mesosomes

They are artefacts that are created when bacterial cells are prepared for electron mmicroscopy.