A&P Lab 1 Exam

identifying characteristics of SIMPLE SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM

• single layer

• flat/thin cells

• disc-shaped central nuclei

locations in body of SIMPLE SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM

• kidney glomeruli

• lung avioli

• lining of vessels

functions of SIMPLE SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM

• rapid diffusion

• filtration

• lubrication

identifying characteristics of SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

• single layer

• cube-like cells

• spherical nuclei

locations in body of SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

• kidney tubules

• small glands

• ovary surface

functions of SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

• secretion

• absorption

identifying characteristics of SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

• single layer

• tall/narrow cells

• spherical nucleus

locations in body of SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

• digestive tract

• gallbladder

functions of SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

• absorb

• secretion of mucus/enzymes

goblet cell location in SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

clear circles/oval shapes

identifying characteristics of PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

• single layer

• stratified/different height cells

• nucleus at different levels

locations in body of PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

• trachea

• upper respiratory tract

• male sperm ducts

functions of PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

• muscus secretion

• propulsion

cilia and goblet cells in PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

top white layer → cilia

clear/white circles → goblet cell

identifying characteristics of STRATIFIED SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM

• multiple layers

• cells cuboidal or columnar

• thick membrane

locations in body for STRATIFIED SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM

• esophagus

• mouth

• vagina

• skin epidermis

functions of STRATIFIED SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM

protection of underlying tissues from abrasion

cell shapes at layers for STRATIFIED SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM

name the layers

types of connective tissue

• loose tissue

• dense tissue

• cartilage

• bone

• blood

3 types of loose tissue

• areolar tissue

• adipose tissue

• reticular tissue

loose connective tissue → AREOLAR TISSUE

• gel-like matrix (has all 3fiber types_

• packages organs

• surrounds capillaries

• FUNCTION → cushions, supports, and reservoir for salt & water

loose connective tissue → ADIPOSE TISSUE

• close-packed cells

• nucleus pushed to the side

• under skin & around kindeys and eyeballs

• FUNCTION → store triglycerides, provides cushion

3 types of dense connective tissue

• regular

• irregular

• elastic

dense connective tissue → REGULAR

• parallel collagen fibers

• fibroblast cells

• in tendons & most ligaments

• FUNCTION → filtration in spleen

hyaline cartilage connective tissue

• amorphous and firm matrix

• collagen fibers

• found in joints, repiratory tubes, and embryo

• FUNCTIONS → support and cushioning

bone connective tissue

• hard calficied matrix

• osteocytes in lacunae

• FUNCTIONS → support, protection, provide lever for muscles

blood

• red/white cells in fluid matrix

• found in blood vessels

• FUNCTION → transport nutrients, waste and gases

skeletal muscle function

• voluntary

• attached to bones of the skeleton

skeletal muscle characteristics

• striated

• cylinder cell shape

• multi-nucleated

• nuclei located under the sarcolemma

what are neuromuscular junctions composed of….

axon terminal & the motor end plate

what is “A”

the nucleus

what is “B”

the sarcolemma

what is “C”

post-synaptic membrane plate

what is “D”

pre-synaptic motor neuron axon terminal

what is “E”

the endomysium

what is “F”

the myelinated sheath gap (the ‘pinched’ area)

what is “G”

the nucleus

what is “H”

a shwann cell

identify the components of a skeletal muscle

• a myofibril

• a sarcomere (z-disc to z-disc)

• ‘A’ band

• ‘I’ band

• ‘M’ line

• ‘Z’ disc (Z line)

what are thick and thin filaments

thick filaments = myosin

thin filaments = actin

if the ‘H zone’ is visible, then the muscle is…..

in a relaxed state

the smallest functional unit of contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber

sarcomere

nuerotransmitter is released from the

axon terminals

what is skeletal muscle inntervated by

the motor neuron

where is the cell body (soma) of neuron located

ventral horn of spinal cord

myelin wraps around the part of the neuron called the

axon

smooth muscle location

• walls of hollow organs

• stomach

• intestines

• blood vessles

• bladder and ureturs

smooth muscle characteristics

• VOLUNTARY

• spindle shaped cells

• central single mucleus

• lack of visible striations

components of the small intestine (labeling)

• a vilus

• simple columnar epithelium

• lamina propia

• goblet cells (+ function)

• smooth muscle layers

cardiac muscle characteristics

• INVOLUNTARY

• intercalated discs

• striations

• branching fibers

• central nucleus

anatomical name for “arm region”

brachial region

anatomical name for “arm bone”

humerus

anatomical name for “shoulder blade”

scapula

anatomical name for “collar bone”

clavicle

anatomical name for “shin bone”

tibia

anatomical name for “heel bone”

calcaneus

anatomical name for “olecranon”

elbow

anatomical name for “antebrachium”

forearm

anatomical name for “carpals”

wrist bones

anatomical name for “hand”

manus

anatomical name for “one hip bone”

ox coxae

anatomical name for “knee”

patella