WEEK 13: SUBSTANCE RELATED DISORDERS & PSYCHOSEXUAL DISORDERS

Alcohol

Is a central nervous system depressant that is

absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream.

Initially, the effects are relaxation and loss of

inhibitions.

1. slurred speech

2. unsteady gait

3. lack of coordination

4. impaired attention

5. concentration

6. memory

7. judgement

Intoxication of alcohol symptoms are? (7 items)

1. aggressive

2. innapproproare sexual behavior

People with alcohol intoxication becomes ___ or display innapproproare ___ behavior

Blackout

A person who is alcohol intoxicated may experience?

vomiting,

unconsciousness,

respiratory depression.

An overdose, or excessive alcohol intake in a

short period, can result in ? (3 items)

aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary obstruction,

an overdose or excessive alcohol intake in a short period can result in vomitting unconsciousness, and respiratory depression. this combination of alcohol intoxication can cause?

cardiovascular shock and death

alcohol induced hypotension can lead to what?

gastric lavage or dialysis to remove the drug, then support of respiratory and cardiovascular functioning in an ICU

treatment for alcohol overdose that is similar for any central nervous system is?

b. contraindicated

the administration of CNS stimulants are?

choices:

a. indicated

b. contraindicated

alcohol

__ is a causal factor in more than 200 diseases and injury conditions

3 million deaths

wordlwide, there are ____ death results from the harmful use of alcohol annually

5%

over _%? of the global burden of disease and injury is attributable to alcohol use

absenteeism at work

is higher for employees who have alcohol related problems and they use more health benefits as well

children of alcoholics

are much more likely than the general population to develop problems with alcohol

[IMPORTANT]

first drink of alcohol as a chiled when they were younger than 13 yrs of age. this first drink was

often a taste of the drink of a parent of a family

member.

treatment programs report what ?

[IMPORTANT]

poly-substance abuse

abuse of more than one substance

[IMPORTANT]

intoxication

is use of a substance that results in adaptive behavior

WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS

refers to the negative psychological and physical reactions that occurs when use of a substance ceases or dramatically decreases.

(IMP)

detoxification

is the process of safely withdrawing from a substance

(imp)

BLACKOUT

episode during which the person continue to function but has no conscious awareness of their behavior at the time or any later memory of the behavior; usually associated with alcohol consumption

(IMP)

TOLERANCE

the need for increase amount of a substane to produce the same effect.

(IMP) CLUE: isipin mo ako lagi bey HAHDAHWDHA

TOLERANCE BREAK

very small amount of a substance will produce intoxication

spontaneous remission

natural recovery that occurs without treatment of any kind

between 12 and 14 years of age

first episode of alcohol intoxication

8 yrs

The 1st evidence of minor alcohol-related problems is seen in the later teens.

Episodes of “sipping” alcohol may occur at age ___ years or even earlier

20’s to the mid 30’s and up

A pattern of more severe difficulties for people with alcoholism begins to emerge in what age

• breakup of significant relationship

• arrest for public intoxication or driving while intoxicated evidence of alcohol withdrawal

• early alcoholrelated health problems or significant interference with functioning at work or school

causes of alcohol difficultiees

GAMBLING DISORDER

is a non-substance related disoredr

gambling disorder

characterized by gambling, getting money from others, and an inability to refrain from gambling for any specific time.

gambling disorder

Attemps to quit or cut down result in: restlessness, anxiousness and irritable behavior.

caffeine or tobacco or nicotine disorder

Are substances that are addictive but are not considered mental health problems per use

CAFFEINE OR TOBACCO OR NICOTINE DISORDERS

Substances that are similar to other mental illness diagnoses, such as anxiety psychosis, or mood disorder are called substance induced anxiety.

higher

Twins have shown a __ rate of concordance (when one twins has it, the other twin gets it) among identical than among fraternal twins.

A. higher

b. lower

family dynamics

__ are thought to play a part by:

inconsistency in the parents behavior

Poor role modeling

Lack of nurturing pave the way for the child to adapt a symilar style of maladaptive coping

Stormy relationships

Substance abuse.

coping mechanism or to relieve stress and tension

some people use alcohol as

increase - feelings of power

decrease - psychological pain

alcohol increases and decreases feelings of what

high doses of alcohol

this type of alcohol dose can actually increase muscle tension and nervousness

Cultural Factors B. social attitudes C. Peer behaviors D. laws E. cost F. availability all influence initial and continued use of substances

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS for alcohol

4- 12hours after cessation

alcohol Symptoms of withdrawal usually begins___ or marked reduction of alcohol intake

coarse hand tremor, sweating, elevated pulse & blood pressure, insomia, anxiety, nausea and vomitting.

sympotoms of withdrawal and detoxification

transient hallucinations, seizures, or delirum called delirium tremens.

Severe or untreated withdrawal may progress to ____

Delirium tremens (DTs)

_____ is the most severe and potentially life-threatening form of alcohol withdrawal. It is a medical emergency characterized by rapid-onset confusion, severe agitation, tremors, hallucinations, and intense autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., high fever, rapid heart rate). Immediate medical intervention is required.

2nd , 5 days , 1-2 weeks

Alcohol usually peaks on the___ day and is over about ___ This can vary however; and withdrawal may take 1-2 weeks.

life threatening

Alcohol withdrawal can be ___. detoxification needs to be accomplished under medical supervision

lorazepam and chlordiazeproxide or valium

Safe withdrawal usually accomplished with the administration of benzodiazepine such as:

(important)

tapering symptoms or triggered dosing

Withdrawal can be accomplished by fixscheduled dosing known as___ in which the presence and severity of withdrawal symptoms determine the amount of medication needed and frequency of administration.

a. Barbiturates b. non-barbiturate hypnotics c. anxiolytics d. Benzodiazepines

The following are all CNS Depressants:

BENZODIAZEPINES

the most frequently abused drugs among CNS depressants

(imp)

a. Slurred Speech

b. lack of coordidnation

c. unsteady gait

d. labile moods

e. Impaired attentionor memory

f. Stupor g. Coma

effects of intoxication or symptoms

benzodiazepines

alone when taken orally in overdose are raely fatal but the person is confused and lethargic

a. Gastric lavage

b. followed by ingestion of activatd charcoal

c. Saline cathartics

d. dialysis can be used if symptoms are severe

treatment for intoxiction is:

confusion and lethargy

▪ The clients __ and __ improve as the drug is excreted

Half-Life-the time

it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the blood stream The onset of withdrawal symptomsdepends of halflife of the drug.

Lorazepam

that typically last about 10hrs produce withdrawal symptoms in 6-8hrs;

diazepam

Longer acting medication such as __ may not produce withdrawal symptoms for a week.

The withdrawal syndrome

is characterized by symptoms that are the opposite of the acute effect of the drug-autonomic hyperactivity (increased pulse, BP, RR, & Temp), handtremor, insomia, anxiety, nausea and psychomotor agitation.

Seizures and hallucination

occurs only rarely in severe benzodiapine withrawal.

Detoxification

is oftenly manage by tapering the amount of the drugs the client receives over a period of days weeks, depending on the drug and the amount the client had been using.

TAPERING

or administering decreasing doses of a medication, is essential with barbiturates to prevent coma and death that occur if te drug is stopped abruptly.

OPIODS

Are popular drugs of abuse because they desensitize the user to both physiological and psychological pain and induce a sense of euphoria and well being.

Opiods Compounds

include both potent prescription analgesis such as morphine, meperidine (Demerol), codeine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, methadone, oxymorphone, hydrocododne, and propoxyphene as well as illegal substances such as heroinn illicitly produced fentanyl, and normethadone

Fentanyl

is a synthetic opioid used in clinical setting for anesthesia, 50-100 x more potent than morphine.

OPIOID INTOXICATION AND OVERDOSE

Develops soon after the initial euphoric feeling.

stmptoms of opioid intoxication

apathy, lithurgy, listlessness, ▪ , impared judgement, psychomotor retardation, or ▪ agitation, constricted pupils, drowsiness, slurred ▪ speech and impaired attention and memory

“CPR-3H”) IMPORTANT!!!)

coma

pinpoint pupils

respiratory distress

hypotension

hypothermia

hyporeflexia

Severe intoxication or opioid overdose

ceases or decreases

Opioids withdrawal develops when drug intake ____ or __

Initial symptoms, are anxiety restlessness, aching back and legs, and cravings of more opiods.

initial symptoms of opioid intoxication

Symptoms that develop as withdrawal progresssess, include nausea, vomitting dysphoria, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, sweating diarrhea, yawning, fever, and insomia.

later symptoms of opioid intoxication

Methadone

can be used as replacement for opioids and the dosage is then decreased over 2 weeks.

such as anxiety, insomia, dysphoria, anhedonia, and drug cravings may persist for 2 weeks or months.

Withdrawal symptoms of opioid intoxication

hallucinogens

Are substances that distort the users perception of reality and produce symptoms similar to psychosis, including hallucinations(usually visual) and depersonalization

increase pulse, BP, and Temp, dilated pupil and Hyperplexia

Hallucinogens also cause what (5 items)

Hallucinogen intoxication

is marked by several maladaptive behavior or psychological changes: anxiety, depression, paracoid ideation, ideas or reference, fear of losing one’s mind and potentially dangerous behavior such as jumping out a window in the belief than one can fly

sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, blurred visions, tremors, and lack of coordinations. ▪ toxic reactions to hallucinogens (except PCP or Phencyclidine) ; are primarily psychological; overdoses as such do not occur.

Physiological symptoms of hallucinogens includes:

related accidents, aggressions and suicides

These drug does not direct cause of death although fatalities have occured from ___

(IMP: NASA QUIZ TO)

talking down the person-that is reassuring them that this is temporary , they are safe and so forth.

The preferred treatment or hallucinogen intoxication is

inhalants

Are diverse group of drugs that include anesthetics, nitrates, and organic solvents that are inhaled for their effects.

aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

the most common substances in this category are ___ found in gasoline, glue, paint thinner, and spray paint.

rag soaked with the compound from a paper or plastic bag or directly from the container.

Most of the vapors are inhaled from a

brain damage, peripheral ▪ nervous system damage, ▪ and liver disease.

Inhalants can cause significant

bronchospasm, cardiac arrest, suffocation or aspiration of the compound or vomitus.

in inhalant intoxication, death may occur from

supporting respiratory and cardiac functioning until the substance is removed from the body.

Treatment of inhalant intoxication consist of

bonus hahahaha

No antidotes or specific medication to treat inhalant toxicity.

nowithdrawal symptoms or detoxification

There are ____ procedures for inhalant, although frequent users reports psychological cravings

persistent dementia or inhalant induced disorders, such as psychosis, anxiety or mood disorder, even if the inhalant abuse ceases.

People who abuse inhalants may suffer from__