Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy Final

• cells undergoing mitosis

the basal layer of oral mucosa in the oral cavity generally has

• twelfth

during which week of prenatal development is the palate complete

• connective tissue

what type of tissue makes up the bulk of the lamina propria of the moral mucosa

• palatal surface of maxillary arch 

the mucogingival junction is absent form which of the following oral surfaces

• papillary layer

which is the most superficial layer of the lamina propria of oral mucosa

• fibroblasts 

what is the most common cell in the lamina propria of oral mucosa?

• enamel organ, dental sac, and dental papilla

during the cap stage of tooth development, the tooth germs consists of..

• fungiform 

which lingual papillae are found in lesser numbers on the body of the dorsal surface of the tongue?

• filliform

which of the following lingual papillae are involved in the lesion of black hairy tongue?

• antigen

an immunogen is considered which of the following

• both sulcular and junctional epithelia

of the various epithelia that make up the gingiva, which one does not normally keratinize

• junctional epithelium

• 4-6 days - JE is the fastest engine

which of the following has the highest rate of turnover

• active eruption

the process of actual vertical movement of the tooth is called

• apical border of inner junctional epithelium

what does the slight depression of the free gingival groove on the outer surface of the gingiva correspond to?

• natural killer cells

• the three functional types of lymphocytes are B cells, T cells, and? 

• coronal direction

in what direction is the migratory route of the cells as turnover takes place in the junctional epithelium?

• gingivitis

 what occurs when damaging agents enter the junctional epithelium and the gingival tissue changes into disease

• formation of periodontal pocket

which of the following occurs with the apical migration of the junctional epithelial attachment from advanced periodontal disease?

• palatal shelves

during the sixth week of prenatal development the bilateral maxillary processes give rise to the paired..

• Cross-reactive protein

which of the following marks the periodontopathogens for destruction by white blood cells

• rete ridges

the extensions of epithelium into connective tissue as appear on histologic section are the

• reduced enamel epithelium

  • ree

after the ameloblasts are finished with both enamel appositional growth and maturation, they become part of the

• enamel tufts

which of the following are noted as small, dark brushes with their bases near the DEJ within mature enamel

• somites of mesoderm

similar to connective tissue, most muscles are derived during prenatal development from 

• the anatomic crown and clinical crown

in which part of the erupted tooth is mature enamel noted

• first molars

which of the following permanent teeth usually show the most attrition of enamel over time

• remineralization

which of the following occurs with the deposition of mineral into mature enamel

• anteroposterior curvature is the curve of spee 

which of the following statements concerning dental curvatures within the permanent dentition is correct

• dentinal fluid

which of the following includes the tissue fluid surrounding the cell membrane of the odontoblast 

• change in position of tongue

  • when the tongue drops down

the fusion of the two palatal shelves with the primary palate is dependent on the

• odontoblastic layer

which of the following zones in pulp is closest to the dentin

• neural crest cells

what cells develop from the neuroectoderm and migrate from the neural folds to then join mesoderm to form mesenchyme 

• remnants of hertwig root sheath 

the rest of malassez are correctly described as

• apical group 

which of the following fiber groups is a part of the alveolodental ligament on a single rooted adult tooth

the cementoblasts originate during tooth development from which of the following embryonic structures 

• dental sac 

• gingival fiber group

which of the fiber groups of the periodontal ligament does not contribute to each tooths anchorage to the jaws

• sharpey fibers 

the anchorage of the tooth to the alveolar process is mediated through which of the following 

• class III occlusion

which classification is characterized by the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar being distal to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

• basal bone

which type of bone is only present in an area of anodontia

• bony attachments by sharpeys fibers are lost 

what initially occurs to the periodontal ligament with periodontitis 

• eleventh to twelfth week

during what weeks of prenatal development does the temporomandibular joint develop

• cervical loop

which embryonic structure is specifically responsible for the development of the root

• bell stage

which stage of tooth formation occurs for the primary dentition during the eleventh and twelfth week of development 

• primary maxillary first molar

which tooths crown in the primary dentition does not resemble any other crown of either dentition

• four 

how many pulp horns does the permanent mandibular second molar have

• centric relation

which of the following terms is the end point of closure of the mandible

• three

the number of mamelons seen on a newly erupted permanent maxillary central incisor is

• oblique ridge

which of the following is a unique feature of most permanent maxillary first molars

• linguogingival groove

which of the following can be a risk factor for periodontal disease on the permanent maxillary lateral incisors

bud stage

• second stage of odontogenesis

• occurs at the beginning of the eighth week of prenatal development

• increased proliferation of dental lamina and ectomesenchyme that develops into a tooth germ

cap stage

• third stage of odontogenesis

• occurs between the ninth and tenth week of prenatal development during the fetal period

• unequal growth in different parts of the tooth bud leading to formation of a three dimensional cap shape overlying ectomesenchyme

• at the end of this stage, the three embryologic structures - enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac- are now considered to be the tooth germ

• begin to see successional dental lamina

bell stage 

• the fourth stage of odontogenesis

• between eleventh and twelfth week of prenatal development

  • outer enamel epithelium

  • stellate reticulum

  • stratum intermedium

  • inner enamel epithelium

odontogenesis

• the process of tooth development

apposition stage

• final stage of odontogenesis

• SECRETE tory stage in which the enamel, dentin, and cementum are secreted in successive layers 

• as tooth matures, it will continue to fully mineralize

  • IEE grow more columnar and differentiate into preameloblasts 

  • preameloblasts induce dental papilla cells to differentiate into odontoblasts and once dentin is secreted they will then turn into ameloblasts and begin secreting enamel matrix through tomes process

initiation stage

• first stage of tooth development

• at the beginning of the sixth week the embryo’s stomodeum (primitive mouth) is lined by ectoderm which gives rise to oral epithelium

• oral epithelium grows into underlying ectomesenchyme and is induced to produce dental lamina and forms the dental placodes

tooth germ

• the primordium of the tooth 

• enamel organ

• dental papilla

• dental sac 

dental papilla

• will produce dentin and pulp

• are of mesenchymal origin because they are directly derived from ectomesenchyme

• outer layer produces dentin, inner layer produces pulp

enamel organ

• produces enamel matrix on the outer surface of the crown of tooth

  • both anatomic and clinical crown

dental sac

• produces the periodontium

  • cementum

  • periodontal ligament

  • alveolar process

enamel knot

• present in the region of the developing posterior teeth

• orchestrates the future crown form of the tooth such as cusps 

are permanent molars succedaneous or non succedaneous

• nonsuccedaneous

• have no primary predecessors and develop from a posterior extension of dental lamina

successional dental lamina

• responsible for forming tooth germs of adult teeth that will take place of primary teeth

• begin to form during the 10th week of prenatal development

hertwigs epithelial root sheath

• function is to shape the roots by inducing dentin formation of root area continuous with root dentin

• determines if the root will be curved, straight, short, long, single, or multiple

• WILL DEPEND ON HER

ankyloglossia

• short lingual frenum attachment

• “tongue tied”

palatal development completeion

• from the fifth to twelfth week 

• primary and secondary palate

fifth to sixth week of palatal development

• intermaxillary segment forms from fused medial nasal processes and gives rise to the primary palate

• later will give rise to 4 maxillary incisors

sixth to twelfth week of palatal development

• the bilateral maxillary processes give rise to two palatal shelves that grow inferiorly and deep on the inside of the stomodeum in a vertical direction

• as the palatal shelves begin to fuse and move bilaterally towards the midline, the tongue will contract and move inferiorly causing the shelves to flip up 

• these two palatal shelves will fuse to form the secondary palate

twelfth week of palatal development

• final palate: fusion of all three processes (palatal shelved and intermaxillary primary palate)

secondary palate gives rise to

• the posterior two-thirds of the hard palate

  • canines, posterior teeth, soft palate, uvula

cleft palate

• failure of fusion of the palatal shelves with the primary palate and/or with eachother

• varying degrees of disability 

enamel hypoplasia

• faulty enamel development from interference involving ameloblasts resulting in enamel putting and/ or intrinsic color changes with possible changes in enamel thickness

the upper part of the face is derived from

• frontalnasal process

the midface is derived from

• maxillary process

the lower face is derived from

• mandibular process

mandibular processes

• bulges of tissue that appear inferior to the primitive mouth within the fourth week

• paired processes then fuse at the midline

• gives rise to lower face, lower lip, mandibular teeth, and associated tissue

frontonasal process

• forms as a bulge of tissue during the fourth week

• the tissue surrounding the nasal placodes undergo growth and starts the development of the nasal region and nose that then submerge and form nasal pits

• medial nasal processes form between nasal pits that fuse and grown internally and medially on the inside of the stomodeum, forming the intermaxillary segment by the end of the seventh week

• medial and lateral nasal processes

maxillary process

• during the fourth week of prenatal development, adjacent swellings form from increased growth

• grow superiorly and anteriorly around stomodeum

• contributes to the sides of the upper lip and the two medial nasal processes contribute to the midline philtrum

how long does the face take to develop

• fourth-eighth week of prenatal development

tissue derived from ectoderm

• epidermis

• sensory epithelium of eyes, ears, nose, nervous system, neural crest cells

• mammary and cutaneous glands

tissues derived from mesoderm

• dermis, muscle, bone, lymphatics, 

tissues derived from endoderm

• respiratory and digestive system linings, liver, pancreatic cells 

tissues derived from neural crest cells

• components of nervous system, pigment cells, connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, certain dental tissue

masticatory oral mucosa

• keratinized

lining mucosa

• covers 60% of mouth

• nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

• softer surface texture, moist surface, ability to stretch and be compressed

  • buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa, as well as the mucosa lining the ventral surface of the tongue, floor of the mouth, and soft palate 

masticatory mucosa 

• noted for its rubbery surface texture and resiliency 

• orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

  • hard palate, attached gingiva, dorsal surface of tongue

orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

• demonstrates a keratinization of epithelial cells throughout most superficial layers

• NO NUCLEI

  • masticatory mucosa of the hard palate

parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

• demonstrates a keratinization of epithelial cells throughout most superficial layers

• HAS NUCELI

  • masticatory mucosa of attached gingiva

mucogingival junction

• sharply defined, scalloped junction between the pinker attached gingiva and redder alveolar mucosa

  • dividing zone between keratinized attached gingiva and nonkeratinized alveolar mucosa

lamina propria 

• in all forms of epithelium of the oral mucosa (lining, specialized, or masticatory) deep to basement membrane

• papillary and dense layers 

papillary layer

• more superficial layer of lamina propria

• loose connective tissue within the connective tissues papillae, along with blood vessels and nerve tissue

dense layer of lamina propria

• the deeper layer of lamina propria

• dense connective tissue with a large number of fibers

capillary plexus

• between the papillary layer and deeper layers of the lamina propria 

fibroblasts

• synthesize certain types of protein fibers and intercellular substances

hard palate turnover time

• 24 days

floor of the mouth turnover time

• 20 days

buccal and labial mucosa turnover

• 14 days

attached gingiva and taste bud turnover time

• 10 days

junctional epithelium turnover time

• 4-6 days

specialized mucosa 

• found on the dorsal and lateral surface of the tongue

• associated with lingual papillae

attached gingiva

• the gingival tissue that tightly adheres to the alveolar process surrounding the roots of the teeth