microbio ch 11: bacterial pathogens

yersinia pestis: gram stain and shape

gram negative bacillus

yersinia pestis disease and symptoms

bubonic and pneumonic plague

swollen lymph nodes and pneumonia

yersinia pestis infection sites and reservoirs

infection sites: skin, blood, lymph nodes, lungs

reservoirs: fleas, rats, squirrels, humans

yersinia pestis transmission

biological vector (fleas)

airborne droplet (humans)

borrelia burgdorferi gram stain and shape

gram negative spirochetes

borrelia burgdorferi disease and symptoms

lyme disease

rash, flu-like symptoms, cardiac and neurological symptoms

borrelia burgdorferi infection sites, reservoirs, and transmission

infection sites: skin, heart, nervous system

reservoirs: ticks

transmission: biological vector

chlamydia trachomatis characteristics

gram negative cocci

obligate intracellular parasite

chlamydia trachomatis diseases and symptoms

diseases: trachoma, urethritis, PID

symptoms: blindness, eye infections

chlamydia trachomatis infection sites

eyes and mucous membranes

chlamydia trachomatis reservoirs and transmission

reservoirs: humans (eyes, hands), clothing, flies

transmission: droplet, direct, vector (flies)

escherichia coli gram stain and shape

gram negative bacillus

escherichia coli symptoms and infection sites

symptoms: intestinal inflammation, diarrhea,

infection sites: GI system

escherichia coli reservoirs and transmission

reservoirs: intestinal tracts of animals, ground meats, poultry products

transmission: ingestion

neisseria gonorrhoeae gram stain and shape

gram negative diplococci

neisseria gonorrhoeae diseases and symptoms

disease: gonorrhea, urethritis, PID

symptoms: burning, frequent urination, abnormal discharge

neisseria gonorrhoeae infection sites, reservoirs, and transmission

infection sites: reproductive organs (pharynx, cervix, urethra)

reservoirs: human genitals

transmission: sexual contact and infected mother to newborn

staphylococcus aureus characteristics

gram positive cocci

endospore negative

(low G+C)

staphylococcus aureus diseases and symptoms

disease: food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome

symptoms: vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, shock

staphylococcus aureus infection sites

nasal cavity, hair follicle, and blood

staphylococcus aureus reservoirs and transmission

reservoirs: humans (nasal cavity, skin, vagina) and fomites (cloth)

transmission: droplet, direct

proteobacteria

gram negative enteric bacilli

nonproteobacteria

gram negative bacteria, non digestive system, various shapes

low G+C

gram positive, endospore positive bacilli

gram positive, non-sporing cocci

high G+C

gram positive, non-sporing bacilli

salmonella species characteristics

gram negative bacillus

resistant to stomach acid

salmonella species symptoms

chills, fever, shock, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

salmonella species infection sites and transmission

infection site: GI tract

transmission: ingestion

salmonella typhi disease and infection site

disease: typhoid fever

infection site: human GI system

salmonella typhi reservoirs and transmission

reservoirs: fecally contaminated shellfish and produce

transmission: fecal-oral route

salmonella enterica disease

foodborne gastroenteritis

salmonella enterica reservoir and transmission

reservoir: animal carcasses that are mishandled during food preparation

transmission: fecal-oral route

shigella species characteristics

gram negative bacillus

resistant to stomach acid

shigella species disease and infection sites

disease: bacillary dysentery (shigellosis)

infection sites: intestinal tract of humans, apes, and monkeys

shigella sonnei

most common Shigella species

disease: mild dysentery

shigella dysenteriae diseases and symptoms

disease: severe dysentery and prostration

symptoms: cramps, fever

shigella dysenteriae infection site and transmission

infection site: colon

transmission: direct contact and ingestion of fecally contaminated food/water

bordetella perstussis characteristics

gram negative coccobacillus

bordetella perstussis disease and symptoms

disease: whooping cough (perstussis)

symptoms: cough, broken ribs, brain damage

bordetella perstussis infection sites and transmission

infection sites: trachea (humans)

transmission: airborne droplet

haemophilus influenzae characteristics

gram negative

various shapes

encapsulated

haemophilus influenzae diseases and infection sites

disease: influenza, meningitis, bronchitis, pneumonia,

infection sites: human nasopharynx

bacillus anthracis characteristics

gram positive

endospore negative

bacillus

facultative anaerobe

bacillus anthracis diseases and symptoms

disease: cutaneous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal anthrax

symptoms: ulcerated areas covered in black scab

bacillus anthracis infection sites and reservoirs

infection sites: sheep/cattle and humans

reservoirs: soil contaminated with anthrax spores from dead animals

bacillus anthracis transmission

ingestion, parenteral route, and inhalation

corynebacterium diphtheriae characteristics

gram positive

endospore negative

bacillus (high G+C)

corynebacterium diphtheriae diseases and symptoms

disease: diphtheria

symptoms: sore throat, neck swelling, papules and ulcers covered in gray membrane

corynebacterium diphtheriae infection sites and reservoirs

infection sites: epithelium, heart muscle, nerve tissue

reservoirs: upper respiratory tract and wounds

mycobacterium species characteristics

gram positive

endospore negative

bacillus

acid fast

mycobacterium leprae characteristics and disease

characteristics: intercellular pathogen

disease: leprosy

mycobacterium leprae symptoms

nerve cell damage

nodule formation

hand deformation

loss of digits

mycobacterium leprae infection sites, reservoirs, transmission

infection site: peripheral nervous system and nose mucous membranes

reservoirs: nasal secretions and lesions

transmission: after prolonged intimate contact

mycobacterium tuberculosis characteristics and disease

characteristics: resistance to drying due to mycolic acid

disease: tuberculosis

mycobacterium tuberculosis symptoms

tissue necrosis

hardening and rupture of lesions

mycobacterium tuberculosis infection sites and transmission

infection sites: macrophages, lymph nodes, and blood

transmission: direct contact and droplet