Chemistry Unit 3 Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to solubility, acid-base chemistry, partitioning, and methods for separating and identifying substances in chemistry.

Reaction Prediction

The process of determining the products of a chemical reaction based on reactants, such as predicting that HCO3– and NaOH yield CO3 2–, H2O, and Na+.

Solubility Equilibria

The equilibrium between solid and dissolved forms of a solute, as denoted by A(s) ⇌ A(aq).

Acid-Base Equilibria

The equilibrium between an acid and its conjugate base, represented as HA(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + A–(aq).

Partition Coefficient (KOW)

A ratio that describes how a substance partitions between octanol and water, indicating its hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity.

pKa

The negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (Ka); a lower pKa indicates a stronger acid.

Liquid-Liquid Separation

A technique where two immiscible liquids are used to separate compounds based on their solubility in each phase.

Ion Exchange Column

A method used to separate ionic substances from neutral ones by passing a solution through a column filled with charged beads.

Eliminating Toxins

The process of removing harmful substances from mixtures by utilizing chemical reactions and separations based on solubility and ionization.

Electrophoresis

A laboratory technique used to separate charged particles, such as biomolecules, in a gel or solution under the influence of an electric field.

Buffered Solution

A solution that resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acids or bases; crucial for maintaining physiological conditions.