bsci160 - global abiotic conditions / distribution of ecological systems

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Last updated 6:20 AM on 5/1/26
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24 Terms

1
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biome challenges

  • tundra

    • cold, ↓ plants, ↑ temp △, unpredictable

  • desert

    • ↓ plant life, ↓ rain

  • chaparral

    • wildfires, unpredictable

  • forest

    • limited sunlight under canopy, ↑ varied animals, ↑ predation, ↑ competition

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distribution limiting factors

  • physical

    • temp

    • light

    • soil structure

    • fire

    • moisture

  • chemical

    • water

    • O2

    • salinity

    • pH

    • soil nutrients

<ul><li><p>physical </p><ul><li><p>temp</p></li><li><p>light</p></li><li><p>soil structure</p></li><li><p>fire</p></li><li><p>moisture</p></li></ul></li><li><p>chemical</p><ul><li><p>water</p></li><li><p>O<sub>2</sub></p></li><li><p>salinity</p></li><li><p>pH</p></li><li><p>soil nutrients </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
3
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scale

<p></p>
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temperature trends

  • warmer near equator

  • colder near poles

<ul><li><p>warmer near equator</p></li><li><p>colder near poles </p></li></ul><p></p>
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abiotic relations

  • temp → precipitation

  • sunlight → temp

  • soil pH → mineral content

  • water temp → O2 lvls

  • elevation → temp

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sunlight equator

tropics get more direct UV radiation (sun light)

  • ↑ sun → ↑ temp

<p>tropics get more <strong>direct</strong> UV radiation (sun light) </p><ul><li><p>↑ sun → ↑ temp </p></li></ul><p></p>
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temp, rain, latitude

  • temp peaks @ equator

    • dips @ poles

  • rain dips N & S ~30°

  • hadley cells

<ul><li><p>temp peaks @ equator </p><ul><li><p>dips @ poles </p></li></ul></li><li><p>rain dips N &amp; S ~30°</p></li><li><p><strong>hadley cells</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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hadley cells

air pick up heat from warm ground → ↑ & cools → rains

  • collisions of air currents → ↑ air

    • rising air → cools air

  • cool air → rainfall

    • warm air holds ↑ water vapor

<p>air pick up heat from warm ground → ↑ &amp; cools → rains </p><ul><li><p>collisions of air currents → ↑ air </p><ul><li><p>rising air → cools air </p></li></ul></li><li><p>cool air → rainfall </p><ul><li><p>warm air holds ↑ water vapor </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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temp & elevation

↑ elevation → ↓ temp

  • atmosphere get thinner & farther away from warm surface

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hadley cell

<p></p>
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air currents

  • many “circulation cells” across globe

    • caused by major air circulation patterns

  • air currents come from planet rotation

    • faster @ equator

<ul><li><p>many “circulation cells” across globe </p><ul><li><p>caused by major air circulation patterns </p></li></ul></li><li><p>air currents come from planet rotation </p><ul><li><p>faster @ equator </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
12
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Coriolis effect

explains patterns of prevailing surface winds

  • earth rotates faster @ equator

  • air moves opposite direction of earth’s rotation

    • explain wind patterns

    • explain how water moves

<p>explains patterns of prevailing surface winds</p><ul><li><p>earth rotates faster @ equator</p></li><li><p>air moves <strong>opposite</strong> direction of earth’s rotation</p><ul><li><p>explain wind patterns</p></li><li><p>explain how water moves</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
13
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water circulation cells

global circulation of surface water affects climate patterns on land

<p>global circulation of surface water affects climate patterns on land </p>
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seasonality

  • tilt of earth’s axis of rotation → seasons

    • N & S hemisphere experience seasons @ diff times

  • migratory birds track “summer” temps

    • spend winter in S. hemisphere

<ul><li><p>tilt of earth’s axis of rotation → seasons </p><ul><li><p>N &amp; S hemisphere experience seasons @ diff times </p></li></ul></li><li><p>migratory birds track “summer” temps </p><ul><li><p>spend winter in S. hemisphere </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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temp & day length

temp & day length → ↑ consistent near equator

  • less environmental stress to deal with

<p>temp &amp; day length → ↑ consistent near equator </p><ul><li><p>less environmental stress to deal with </p></li></ul><p></p>
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rain shadows

mountains & oceans cause regional effects on climate

  • rain gets “trapped” on 1 side of mountain b/c as air ↑ → cools → rain

    • rain doesn’t make to other side of mountain

<p>mountains &amp; oceans cause regional effects on climate </p><ul><li><p>rain gets “trapped” on 1 side of mountain b/c as air ↑ → cools → rain </p><ul><li><p>rain doesn’t make to other side of mountain </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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ENSO

  • El Niño & La Niña

    • △ sea temp, air pressure, air temp → Pacific Ocean

  • varies between neutral, el nino, & la nina conditions

    • △ air pressure, water temp, air temp

  • unpredictable, irregular patters every 2-7 yrs

<ul><li><p><strong>El Niño</strong> &amp; <strong>La Niña</strong></p><ul><li><p>△ sea temp, air pressure, air temp → Pacific Ocean </p></li></ul></li><li><p>varies between neutral, el nino, &amp; la nina conditions </p><ul><li><p>△ air pressure, water temp, air temp</p></li></ul></li><li><p>unpredictable, irregular patters every 2-7 yrs</p></li></ul><p></p>
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El Niño

ENSO air currents

  • warmer

<p>ENSO air currents </p><ul><li><p>warmer</p></li></ul><p></p>
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La Niña

ENSO air currents

  • cooler

<p>ENSO air currents </p><ul><li><p>cooler</p></li></ul><p></p>
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ENSO soil effects

warm, humid → ↑ acidic soils

  • diff plants tolerate diff pH soils

<p>warm, humid → ↑ acidic soils </p><ul><li><p>diff plants tolerate diff pH soils</p></li></ul><p></p>
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soil pH

depn on parent material (rock) & other processes

  • affects soil nutrient availability

<p>depn on parent material (rock) &amp; other processes</p><ul><li><p>affects soil nutrient availability </p></li></ul><p></p>
22
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<p>soil</p>

soil

classified by amt of sand, silt, & clay

  • main diff is particle size

    • sand > silt > clay

  • ↑ particles let ↑ water pass through

    • ↓ particles hold ↑ water

  • soil has microbes

    • decaying organic matter adds nutrients

    • ↓ nutrients in sand b/c ↓ microbes

<p>classified by amt of sand, silt, &amp; clay </p><ul><li><p>main diff is particle size </p><ul><li><p>sand &gt; silt &gt; clay </p></li></ul></li><li><p>↑ particles let ↑ water pass through </p><ul><li><p>↓ particles hold ↑ water</p></li></ul></li><li><p>soil has microbes </p><ul><li><p>decaying organic matter adds nutrients</p></li><li><p>↓ nutrients in sand b/c ↓ microbes </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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aquatic habitats

“buffered” from terrestrial changes

  • further ↓ → warmer

    • frost line

  • water conditions vary across seasons

    • dpn on geography

<p>“buffered” from terrestrial changes </p><ul><li><p>further ↓ → warmer </p><ul><li><p>frost line </p></li></ul></li><li><p>water conditions vary across seasons </p><ul><li><p>dpn on geography </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
24
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oxygen content

  • temp can’t affect O2 content

  • turbidity - mvmt of water

    • flower water → ↑ O2

  • most important → temp & rain

<ul><li><p>temp can’t affect O<sub>2</sub> content </p></li><li><p><strong>turbidity </strong>- mvmt of water</p><ul><li><p>flower water → ↑ O<sub>2</sub> </p></li></ul></li><li><p>most important → temp &amp; rain </p></li></ul><p></p>