School-Age Language Development and Disorders Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering school-age language milestones, literacy stages, various language disorders (DLD, Autism, ID, TBI), hearing types, and clinical intervention strategies based on the Module 8-14 lecture notes.

Phonemic Awareness

The ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds in language, such as identifying the sounds in "cat" as /k/ /a/ /t/.

Fast mapping

A word learning strategy involving making a quick guess regarding the meaning of a new word.

Phonological Ambiguity

A type of ambiguity that occurs when different words or phrases sound the same.

Lexical Ambiguity

A type of ambiguity where a single word has multiple meanings; includes homophones, homographs, and homonyms.

Surface structure Ambiguity

A type of ambiguity involving how words are grouped within a sentence.

Deep structure Ambiguity

A type of ambiguity regarding the interpretation of the meaning of a sentence.

Homophones

Words that sound the same but may have different spellings and meanings, such as "to," "too," and "two."

Homographs

Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and potentially different pronunciations, such as "wind" (air) and "wind" (to twist).

Homonyms

Words that are spelled and sound the same but have different meanings, such as "bat" (animal) and "bat" (object).

Literacy Stage 3

Learning to read, primarily focused on decoding.

Literacy Stage 4

Ungluing from print.

Literate Language Features

Characteristics of academic language including longer sentences, adverbs, complex vocabulary, and conjunctions like "because" or "although."

Receptive Language

The ability to understand language.

Expressive Language

The ability to produce language.

Language Difference vs. Disorder

A difference is cultural or linguistic, whereas a disorder is a clinical impairment in form, content, or use.

Conductive Hearing Loss

Hearing loss resulting from issues in the outer or middle ear.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Hearing loss resulting from issues in the inner ear.

DLD / SLI (Developmental Language Disorder)

A condition characterized by low language ability that impacts daily life with no known biomedical cause, affecting approximately $7-10\%$ of children.

DSM-5 Autism Criteria

Criteria include social communication deficits (poor reciprocity, nonverbal issues, relationship difficulties) and restricted/repetitive behaviors; prevalence is $1$ in $31$ children.

Intellectual Disability (ID)

Limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning (conceptual, social, practical) that originate before age $22$ with an IQ < $70$.

TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)

A brain injury occurring after birth, categorized as either closed head or open head, with effects depending on severity and location.

Nativist Theory

The theory that individuals are born with an innate language ability.

Empiricist Theory

The theory that language is learned from the environment.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

The integration of three components: research, clinical expertise, and client perspectives.

Recasting

An intervention strategy where the clinician corrects a child's sentence.

Expanding

An intervention strategy where the clinician adds information to the child's existing utterance.

Modeling

An intervention strategy where the clinician demonstrates the correct use of language.

FAPE

Free Appropriate Public Education, a requirement under the IDEA law.

LRE

Least Restrictive Environment, a requirement under the IDEA law.