Radiation Oncology and Medical Practice Review

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering oncology signs, symptoms, spread, histopathology, treatment guidelines, radiation physics formulas, and dosimetry standards based on lecture notes.

Parotid Gland Gross Residual RT Dose

$70$ to $75\,Gy$

Parotid Gland Postoperative RT Dose

$60$ to $66\,Gy$

Hoarseness/Stridor

Common signs and symptoms of Larynx cancer, specifically regarding the glottic and supraglottic regions.

Glottic Cancer Spread

Rare due to a lack of lymph nodes in the true vocal cord area.

Barrett's Disease

Changes in the lining of the lower esophagus from squamous to columnar epithelium, often leading to adenocarcinoma.

Lynch Syndrome

Also known as Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer, it is a risk factor for Colon and Rectum cancer.

Abdominoperineal Resection (APR)

A surgical procedure used for cancers of the anus and rectum.

Stomach Cancer Tumor Marker

CEA

Stomach Cancer Spread (Blood)

Spreads via the portal system to the liver and lungs.

Whipple Procedure

The primary surgical resection for pancreatic cancer, most commonly used for tumors in the head of the pancreas.

Pancreas Tumor Markers

CA 125, CEA, and CA 19-9

Horner Syndrome

A condition associated with Pancoast tumors located at the apex of the lung.

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Characteristics

Accounts for $10$ to $15\%$ of lung cancers, is located centrally, is aggressive, and is primarily treated with chemotherapy.

Mesothelioma Risk Factor

Asbestos exposure; not connected with tobacco use.

Wilms Tumor

A pediatric kidney tumor also known as nephroblastoma.

Trigone

The area of the bladder where tumors are most likely to occur, along with the posterior/lateral walls and the neck.

Chromophobe Adenomas

The most common histopathology for pituitary tumors, which are endocrine inactive.

Decadron (Dexamethasone)

A corticosteroid drug used for reducing cerebral edema in brain tumor patients.

Astrocytoma

The most common pediatric brain tumor histology.

Reed-Sternberg Cell

The characteristic histopathological finding in Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Burkitt Lymphoma

A type of lymphoma commonly found in young African males.

Auer Rods

Pathological findings associated with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML).

Philadelphia Chromosome

A genetic marker found in abnormal hematopoietic stem cells in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML).

Retinoblastoma Sign

Leukocoria, or an abnormal white retinal light reflex instead of red.

Mohs Surgery

A specialized surgical technique used for treating non-melanoma skin cancers.

Breslow's Thickness

A measurement used for melanoma based on the depth of invasion in millimeters.

Geiger-Muller Counter

A radiation detector best for locating a misplaced source and detecting background radiation.

OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence)

A personnel monitoring device made of Aluminum Oxide ($Al_{2}O_{3}$) that is accurate to $10\,\mu Sv$.

Radiation Preimplantation Phase

Occurs from Day 0 to 10 and is the most sensitive stage, resulting in an All or Nothing effect (prenatal death).

Monthly Exposure Limit (Pregnant Worker)

$$0.5\,mSv$$

Gap Formula

$$Gap = \frac{1}{2} \times L_{1} \times \left(\frac{d}{SSD_{1}}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \times L_{2} \times \left(\frac{d}{SSD_{2}}\right)$$

Penumbra Formula

$$P = s \times \frac{SSD + d - SCD}{SCD}$$

TD 5/5 for Eye Lens

$10\,Gy$ (for cataract formation)

TD 5/5 for Kidney

$23\,Gy$ (for nephritis)

Xerostomia Onset Dose

Occurs after $1000\,cGy$

Iridium-192 Half-life

$73.8$ days

Cobalt-60 Half-life

$5.26$ years

Mean Life Formula

$$T_{a} = T_{\frac{1}{2}} \times 1.44$$

Occupational Lens of Eye Annual Dose Limit

$$150\,mSv$$

Alpha Particle Radiation Weighting Factor

$$20$$

Gleason Score

A grading system for prostate cancer; 2-4 is well differentiated, and 8-10 is poorly differentiated.

Rouviere Node

The lateral retropharyngeal node, which is a common site of spread for nasopharyngeal cancer.

Point A (Cervix Brachytherapy)

$2\,cm$ superior to the cervical os and $2\,cm$ lateral to the endocervical canal.

Point B (Cervix Brachytherapy)

$2\,cm$ superior to the cervical os and $5\,cm$ lateral to the midline.

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

A risk factor associated with oral cavity cancers.

Average Electron Range in Tissue

The range is $1/2$ of the beam energy in $MeV$.