Halogenoalkane and ozone

What is a nucleophile

Electron pair donor

What reaction conditions are made in nucleophillic substitution with OH

Warm NaOH or KOH (aaqueous)

Reaction conditions nucleophillic substitution with CB

Under reflux

Warm KCN

ethanol,

reaction conditions nucleophillic substitution NH3

Warm halogenoalkane

Excess ethanolic ammonia

Sealed tube

Briefly give the steps of nucleophillic substitution with ammonia

Ammonia donates electrons with partially positive carbon

Intermediate made with N +

Electrons from bond on intermediate point to N+ .Ammonia attacks the hydrogen

What products are formed in ammonia nucleophillic substitution

halide ion

Amine

Ammonium ion

What is a radical

Atoms or molecule with unpaired electron

What reaction condition is needed for free radical substitution and why

UV light

Breaks covalent bond

What is made from nucleophillic substitution

Halide ion/halogen compound

Alcohol

Nitrile

Amine

What is formed in an elimination reaction

Haloalkane to

Alkene(halogen removed)

-water,halide ion and alkene

What is the purpose and benefit of ozone layer

Absorbs UV radiation

Suggest why CFCs use was not restricted

Lack of alternatives

Lack of evidence that ozone was being depleted

State and explain how CFC is able to contribute to global warming

Traps and absorbs infrared radiation from the sun

Has polar bonds

State how CFC form chlorine atoms in upper atmosphere

C-CL breaks homolyitically

Give the equations to show how chlorine atoms catalyse the decomposition of ozone

CL- + O3 —> CLO- +O2

CLO- +O3 —→ Cl- + 2O2

What are the reaction conditions for elimination

Heated in presence of OH ion (acts as a base) dissolved in ethanol

Reflux