CMA Units 11-13

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

To remove waste products and maintain fluid balance.

What organs make up the urinary system?

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

What is urine?

A liquid waste product produced by the kidneys.

What is dysuria?

Painful or difficult urination.

What is urinary retention?

Inability to completely empty the bladder.

What is incontinence?

Loss of bladder control.

What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

An infection anywhere in the urinary system.

What are common signs of a UTI?

Burning, frequency, urgency, confusion, and foul-smelling urine.

Why are older adults at increased risk for UTIs?

Age-related changes and incomplete bladder emptying.

What is a diuretic?

A medication that increases urine production.

What should a CMA observe when a resident takes a diuretic?

Frequent urination, dizziness, dehydration, and fluid balance changes.

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

What is respiration?

The process of breathing.

What is dyspnea?

Difficulty breathing.

What is apnea?

Temporary absence of breathing.

What is cyanosis?

Bluish discoloration caused by low oxygen levels.

What is COPD?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

What is asthma?

A condition that causes narrowing of the airways.

What is pneumonia?

An infection of the lungs.

What is an inhaler used for?

To deliver medication directly into the lungs.

What is a nebulizer?

A device that turns medication into a mist for inhalation.

What should a CMA report immediately regarding respiratory status?

Shortness of breath, cyanosis, or breathing difficulty.

What is oxygen therapy?

The administration of oxygen to improve oxygen levels.

What safety precaution is important with oxygen?

Keep oxygen away from flames and heat sources.

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

To digest food and absorb nutrients.

What is digestion?

The breakdown of food into usable nutrients.

What is constipation?

Infrequent or difficult bowel movements.

What is diarrhea?

Frequent loose or watery stools.

What is nausea?

A feeling of wanting to vomit.

What is vomiting?

Forceful expulsion of stomach contents.

What is GERD?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease.

What is an antacid used for?

To neutralize stomach acid.

What is a laxative used for?

To promote bowel movements.

What is a stool softener used for?

To make stool easier to pass.

What should be reported regarding bowel function?

Persistent constipation, diarrhea, blood in stool, or vomiting.

What is dehydration?

A condition caused by insufficient body fluids.

What are signs of dehydration?

Dry mouth, decreased urine output, dizziness, and confusion.

Why are older adults at higher risk for dehydration?

Reduced thirst sensation and age-related body changes.

What is a bronchodilator?

A medication that opens the airways.

What is an expectorant?

A medication that helps loosen mucus.

What is the most important CMA responsibility with urinary, respiratory, and digestive medications?

Observe, report, and document resident responses and side effects.