human geo

Refugee

an individual who has been forced to flee their home country to escape war, violence, or persecution

Sanctuary city

a municipality that limits its cooperation with federal immigration authorities to enforce national immigration laws

Internally displaced

the forced movement of people within their own country

Unauthorized immigrants

a foreign-born individual who resides in a country without the legal permission of the national government

Asylum

a form of legal protection granted to individuals who have fled their home countries because they fear persecution

Chain migration

the social process by which immigrants follow previously settled family or community members to a specific destination

Brain drain

migration of highly skilled, educated, or talented individuals from their home country or organization to another that offers better opportunities

Dharma

specific duties. It dictates a way of living that maintains harmony on all levels—internally within yourself, and externally with society and the world

Karma

a universal principle of cause and effect: a person's intentional actions, thoughts, and words determine their future experiences and spiritual destiny

Nirvana

the ultimate spiritual goal in Buddhism and Hinduism, representing a state of perfect peace and enlightenment

Reincarnation

the philosophical or religious belief that an aspect of an individual (such as the soul, consciousness, or mind) continues to exist after bodily death and is reborn in a new physical form, such as a human, animal, or plant, across successive lifetimes

Monotheism

the belief or doctrine that there is only one supreme deity or God

Diaspora

a dispersed population that originally came from a single geographic homeland

Moksha

the ultimate spiritual goal in Indian religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism

Caste system

a rigid form of social stratification in which a person's social status, occupation, and marriage rights are determined by heredity (their family of birth) rather than personal achievement

Hajj-pilgrimage

an annual, five-day Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabi

Ganges river

a 1,569-mile (2,525 km) trans-boundary waterway in Asia Washes away sins in Hinduism

Polytheism

the belief in, or worship of, multiple gods

Abraham

Abraham is a foundational figure in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Kosher

foods and food-handling practices that comply with the strict dietary laws of Judaism

Reformation

A major 16th-century religious movement aimed at reforming the Roman Catholic Church, which ultimately led to the creation of Protestantism

Pope

the bishop of Rome and the supreme leader of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church

Christianity book

Bibld

Judaism book

Torah

Buddhism book

Tripitaka

Hinduism book

The vedas

Christianity founder

Jesus of Naareth

Judaism founder

Abraham/moses

Buddhism founder

Siddhartha Gautama

Hinduism founder

No single founder

Christianity holiday

Christmas easter

Judaism holiday

Yom Kippur rose hashanah Passover

Buddhism holiday

Vesak (Buddha day) Sakhalin puja (dharma day)

Hinduism holiday

Diwali, holi

Christianity city

Jerusalem rome Bethlehem Nazareth

Judaism city

Jerusalem Hebron

Buddhism city

Bosh gaya and lumbini

Hinduism city

Varanasi (Kashi)

Smallest religon

Judiasm

Largest religon

Christianity

5 pillars of islam

Faith prayer donating fasting hajj

Agriculture

the science, art, and business of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock

3rd agriculture revolution

a period of rapid global agricultural transformation (spanning the 1940s to the late 1980s

Commercial agriculture

the large-scale production of crops and livestock primarily for sale in the marketplace to generate a profit

GMO’S

Genetically modified organism

Vertical farming

the practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers inside controlled environments

Neolithic revolution

the critical transition in human history from small, nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers to larger, agricultural settlements and early civilization

Green revolution

a mid-20th-century agricultural movement that drastically increased global food production, particularly in developing nations

Economies of scle

the cost advantages a business obtains as its production volume increases. As a company grows and produces more, the average cost per individual item decreases because fixed costs like rent or machienery are spread out over a larger number of units

Food deserts

a geographic area where residents have limited or no access to affordable, fresh, and nutritious food

2nd agriculture revolution

a major shift from subsistence farming (farming to feed your family) to commercial agriculture (Farming to sell)

Subsistence agriculture

a farming method where farmers grow crops and raise livestock primarily to feed themselves and their families, with little to no surplus left for sale or trade

Industrial agriculture

a modern, large-scale farming system designed to maximize food production and efficiency

Food insecurity

the household-level economic and social condition of having limited, uncertain, or unreliable access to enough affordable, nutritious food for an active and healthy life

Stuff about 1st agriculture revolution

Started around 12,000 years ago began in Fertile Crescent (Iraq Syria and turkey) Transition from nomadic hunting and gathering to sedentary farming. Use of simple hand tools like digging sticks and early stone lead to permanent human settlements and population boom

Stuff about 2nd agriculture revolution

Began from 1650 to 1900 originated in Great Britain used machines for labor and other advanced farming techniques had a massive spike in the food production and caused rapid urbanization

Stuff about the 3rd agriculture revolution

Originated in North America and Mexico what is the development of high-yielding varieties of stable crops heavy reliance on chemical farming prevented famine and saved over 1 billion lives and develop in nations

Urbanization

The growth of cities as more people move to urban areas

Segregation

The separation of groups of people based on race, income, or culture

White flight

When many white families moved from cities to suburbs

Population density

The number of people living in a certain area

Edge city

business and shopping area located outside a main city

Urban sprawl

The spread of cities into nearby rural land

Great migration

The movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities in the 1900s

Restrictive covenant

A rule that stopped certain groups from buying homes in some neighborhoods

Mixed income housing

Housing where people with different income levels live together

Slum

A crowded, poor area with bad housing conditions

Boomburb

A fast-growing suburb with a large population

Public housing projects

Government-owned housing for low-income families

Blockbusting

A practice where real estate agents scared white homeowners into selling cheaply

Redlining

Denying loans or services to people in certain neighborhoods, often because of race

Gentrification

When wealthier people move into an older neighborhood, raising prices and changing the area

Metropolitan area

A large city and the surrounding suburbs connected to it

Exurb

A community farther outside the suburbs where people often commute to the city

Gautreaux Program

housing program in Chicago that helped low-income African American families move from poor segregated neighborhoods to better suburban areas with more opportunities