Biochemistry and Cell Organelles

Carbohydrate Structure

1C:2H:1O

Carbohydrate Purpose

Main energy source in cells

Simple Carbohydrates

Glucose

Carbohydrate: Provides structure & support (ex. cell walls & exoskeletons)

Cellulose/Chitin

Protein Structure

CHONS

Protein: Speeds up the rate of a reaction (it happens using less energy)

Enzyme

Nucleic Acids Structure

PCHON

Example of Saturated Fat

Butter

Example of Unsaturated Fats

Olive Oil

What does an enzyme do?

Convert a substance into a product faster

Do enzymes get used up in a reaction?

No because the enzyme is not a part of the product

What do enzymes rely on to minimize pH changes?

Buffers

Hydrolisis

When water is used to break down a substance (1 substrate into 2 products)

How do digestive enzymes in your stomach work?

Hydrolisis

All living things are made of ___.

Cells

Pro means ___., Eukaryote is the kind of cell in ____!

No, You

Prokaryotes

Simple cells which do not have their DNA in a nucleus; also do not have membrane bound organelles.

Eukaryote

More complex cells which protect DNA inside a nucleus; also have specialized structures called cfell membrane bound organelles.

Which part of the cell makes usable cell energy?

Mitochondria

Which structure is the site of protein production?

Ribosome

Nucleus

Stores the DNA in eukaryotic cells; sometimes called the control center of the cell

Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell; it is selectively permeable

Cell Wall

Provides support & structure to the plant, fungi, & bacteria cells; found outside of cell membrane

Mitochondria

Site of cell respiration in eukaryotic cells...produces ATP or usable cell energy

Vacuole

Stores water & dissolved material; in plants it is usually the largest organelle

Chloroplast

Uses sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to make glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2)

Ribosome

Smallest organelle found in all cells; makes protein; gets instructions from DNA

Complex Carbohydrates (2 answers)

Glycogen

1 multiple choice option

Lipid Purpose (3 answers)

Insulation & waterproofing

2 multiple choice options

Lipid Examples (2 answers)

Phospholipids

1 multiple choice option

Protein Purpose (3 answers)

Speeds up the rate of a reaction (it happens using less energy)

2 multiple choice options

Protein Examples (3 answers)

Hemoglobin

2 multiple choice options

Nucleic Acids Purpose (2 answers)

Contains instructions for making proteins

1 multiple choice option

Nucleic Acids Examples (2 answers)

RNA

1 multiple choice option

Saturated Fats (3 answers)

Solid at room temperature

2 multiple choice options

Unsaturated Fats (3 answers)

Liquid at room temperature

2 multiple choice options

What factors cause enzymes to denature or stop working? (2 answers)

pH

1 multiple choice option

All cells contain: (3 answers)

Ribosome

2 multiple choice options

Examples of Protists (3 answers)

Euglena

2 multiple choice options

Paramecium Structure (3 answers)

Oral Groove

2 multiple choice options

Amoeba Structure (2 answers)

Lyosomes

1 multiple choice option

Euglena Structure (2 answers)

Flagellum

1 multiple choice option

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