CH.10 Study Guide

Charley Horse

A muscle contusion tearing of muscle followed by bleeding into the tissues (hematoma) and severe, prolonged pain, a common contact sports injury.

Electromyography

Recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles.

Hernia

An abnormal protrusion of abdominal contents (typically coils of the small intestine) through a weak point in the muscles of the abdominal wall.

Quadriceps and Hamstring strains

Quad and Hamstring pulls, which involve tearing these muscles or their tendons, happen mainly in athletes who do not warm up correctly and then fully extend their hip or knee quickly or forcefully.

Rupture of calcaneal tendon

Although the calcaneal tendon is the largest strongest tendon in the body, its rupture is surprisingly common particularly in older people as a result of stumbling and in young sprinters when the tendon is traumatized during the takeoff. Plantar flexion is weak or impossible but dorsiflexion is exaggerated.

Shin splints

Common term for pain in the anterior compartment of the leg caused by irritation of the tibialis anterior muscle as might follow extreme or unusual exercise without adequate prior conditions.

Tennis elbow

Caused and aggravated when these muscles contract forcefully to extend the hand at the wrist as in executing a tennis backhand or lifting a loaded snow shovel.

Torticollis

*tort= twisted*

A twisting of the neck in which there is a chronic rotation and tilting of the head to one side due to injury of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on one side also called wryneck.

Criteria used to name muscles

Muscles Location, shape, relative size, fiber(fascicle direction) number of origins, attachment sites(origin/insertion) and action. Can use more than one to name some muscles.

Agonist Muscles

sets of muscles in which some of them contract while others relax

Antagonist Muscles

a muscle that opposes the action of another.

Prime mover

muscles are large and are built to produce a large amount of force in order to create movement.

Synergist Muscle

assists the agonist muscle or “primary mover” for a specific action at a joint.

These muscles help make movements more accurate and fluid.