IÐN301

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What event?

Start events:

– which signal how process instances start

(tokens are created)

What event?

End events:

– which signal when process instances

complete (tokens are destroyed)

What event?

Event that occurs during a process

is called intermediate

What activity?

Task: Activities represent units of work, carried out

be a resource, that have a duration

What activity?

Transaction is a set of activities that logically

belong together (embedded sub-processes)

What activity?

Call activity to indicates use of sub-process

external to the current process (is a global

process model); allows for reusable process

definition

Activities naming conventions:

the label should be verb + a noun, e.g. “Approve order”. The noun may be preceded by an adjective, e.g. “Issue driver license”, and the verb may be followed by a complement to explain how the action is being done, e.g. “Renew driver license via offline agencies”.

• Avoid long labels, no more than five

• Capitalize the first word of activity labels

Explain this gateway

XOR gateway:

• Splitting: routes flow to exactly one branch

• Merging: awaits incoming to complete before triggering outgoing flow

Explain this gateway

AND gateway:

• Splitting: routes flow to all branches

• Merging: awaits all incoming to complete before triggering outgoing flow

Explain this gateway

OR gateway:

• Splitting: routes flow to one or more branch

• Merging: awaits all incoming to complete before triggering outgoing

Name the three discovery method

Evidence-based discovery

Interview-based discovery

Workshop-based discovery

Evidence based discovery is split in what 3 different categories

Document analysis

Observation

Automatic process discovery

Describe Evidence based - Document analysis

• Document analysis exploits the fact that there is usually

documentation material available related to an existing process

• Some potential issues with document analysis:

1. Most documentation available on operations in a company is not

readily organized in a process-oriented way

2. Level of granularity of the material might not be appropriate

3. Documents only partially trustworthy

Describe Evidence based - Observation

• Observation is a method of discovery following directly the processing of

individual cases in order to get an understanding of how a process works

• Process analyst can either play:

– the active role of a customer of a process or

– the passive role of an observer

Describe Evidence based - Automatic process discovery

• Automatic process discovery emerges from the extensive operational

support of business processes provided by various information systems.

• Uses event logs and data has to be recorded in such a way that each event

can be exactly related to three things:

– an individual case of the process,

– a specific activity of the process, and

– a precise point in time.

Describe Interview-Based Discovery

• Interview-based discovery a method built on interviewing domain experts about how a process is executed

• Two strategies for scheduling interviews:

– starting backwards from the products and results of the process (find input needed for conducting work, gives order) and

– starting from the beginning of the process and proceeding forward – follow and observe the process flow and decisions at each stage

Describe Workshop-Based Discovery

• Workshop-based discovery offers opportunity to obtain detailed information on the business process with process participant:

– The facilitator takes care of organizing the verbal contributions of the participants.

– The tool operator is responsible for directly entering the discussion results into the modeling tool.

– Several domain experts also participate, as much as

– the process owner and the process analyst.

Fill in the Summary of Discovery Methods

What is this

Data objects represent information flowing in and out of activities; they can be physical artifacts such as an invoice or a letter on a piece of paper or electronic artifacts such as an e-mail or a file

• link them to activities with a dotted arrow with

an open arrowhead (called data association

What is this

• Additional information can be provided via text annotations. An annotation is depicted as an open-ended rectangle encapsulating the text of the annotation, and

• is linked to a process modeling element via ab dotted line (called association)

What is this

Start Timer event: Indicates that an instance of the process is created at certain date/time e.g. start process at 6pm every Friday

What is this

Intermediate Timer Event: Triggered at certain dates/times or after a time interval has elapsed since the moment even is “enabled”

What is this

Start Message Event: Indicates that an instance of the process is created when a messa ge is received

What is this

End Mesasge Event - Indicates that an instance of the process is completed when a message is sent

What is this

Intermediate Message Event - Indicates that an even is expected to occur during the process. The event is triggerd when a message is receieved or sent

What is this

An Exceptions condition : External: Something goes wrong outside the process, and the execution of the current activity must be interrupted.

What is this

An Exceptions condition : Internal: Something goes wrong inside an activity, whose execution must thus be interrupted.

What is this

An Exceptions condition : Timeout: an activity takes too long and must be interrupted