DP3 - EMOTION

This set of flashcards covers the process of emotional development across the lifespan, Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation and attachment types, and Harry Harlow's research on contact comfort in rhesus monkeys.

When individuals show emotional development, what five key behaviors do they demonstrate?

They recognise, express, and regulate their feelings, they show empathy and form attachments.

According to the lifespan stages, at what age do infants typically begin to laugh?

$$3-4\, \text{months}$$

What emotional abilities shift during middle childhood?

Children begin to understand how different situations can affect emotions and realise that what makes one person happy may not make another person feel the same way.

In terms of social management, what do adolescents often seek to help manage their more extreme emotions?

A stable peer group.

What characterizes the shift in focus for older adults ($65+$ years) compared to younger adults?

They tend to focus more on positive information and less on negative information, often showing greater emotional wisdom.

What does the Still Face experiment demonstrate about toddler behavior?

Toddlers regulate their behaviour to avoid making adults angry.

According to Ainsworth, what factors determine the quality of an attachment?

How sensitive, responsive, and consistent the primary caregiver is to the infant’s needs.

What is the difference between 'strander anxiety' and 'separation anxiety'?

Stranger anxiety is the distress young children feel around unfamiliar people; separation anxiety is the distress felt when away from a caregiver they have an attachment with.

Describe the behavior of an infant with Type A Insecure Avoidant Attachment during reunion.

The infant can ignore or avoid the caregiver when they return.

Describe the behavior of an infant with Type B Secure Attachment when the caregiver leaves the room.

They show signs of distress.

How does an infant with Type C Insecure Resistant Attachment respond to a stranger?

They may be wary of the stranger and be very clingy and cry.

Who identified 'Disorganised Attachment' and what characterizes it?

Main and Solomon; it is characterized by inconsistent and contradictory behaviours, such as confusion or fear toward the caregiver.

In Harlow’s research, how many infant rhesus monkeys were used and what were the two surrogate types?

Eight infant rhesus monkeys; one surrogate was made of wire mesh and the other was covered in terry-towelling cloth.

What did Harlow find regarding the amount of time monkeys spent with the surrogates?

By about $3\, \text{weeks}$ of age, all monkeys spent around $15\, \text{hours}$ a day with the cloth surrogate and no more than an hour or two on the wire surrogate.

What was Harlow's final conclusion regarding the formation of attachment?

'Contact comfort', provided by the softness of the cloth covering, was more important than feeding in the formation of an infant rhesus monkey’s attachment.

In the kindergarten case notes, which child's behavior aligns with Insecure Avoidant Attachment?

Lina, because she avoids asking for help, exhibits limited emotional reactions during separations/reunion, and maintains a neutral demeanor.

Which child from the case notes demonstrates characteristics of Disorganised Attachment?

Malik, because he shows conflicting behaviors (approaching then withdrawing), fearfulness, and sudden emotional outbursts like yelling.