Topic 8 (IPv4 Addressing)

Binary addressing

Network devices use __________ to identify each other.

32 bits and four octets

Each address contains

8 bits

Each octets contains

dotted decimal

The dotted notation is converted to

IPv4 address

is a 32-bit hierarchical address that is made up of a network
portion and a host portion.

Network portion and the host portion

An IPv4 address is a 32-bit hierarchical address that is made up of a ___________________.

subnet mask

is used to determine the network and host portions.

Subnet mask

To identify the network and host portions of an IPv4 address, the subnet mask is
compared to the IPv4 address bit for bit, from left to right.

ANDing

The actual process used to identify the network and host portions is called _______.

prefix length

is a less cumbersome method used to identify a subnet mask address.

prefix length

is the number of bits set to 1 in the subnet mask.

slash notation

It is written in ________ therefore, count the number of bits in the subnet mask and prepend it with a slash.

Logical AND

is the comparison of two bits where only a 1 AND 1 produces a 1 and any other combination results in a 0.

logically ANDed

The host IPv4 address is _______, bit by bit, with the subnet mask.

Network address

all host bits set to 0

Host addresses

host bits range 00000001 – 11111110

Broadcast address

all host bits set to 1

Unicast transmission

is sending a packet to one destination IP address.

Broadcast transmission

is sending a packet to all other destination IP addresses.

Unicast

Broadcast Packet

must be processed by all devices in the same broadcast domain. A broadcast
domain identifies all hosts on the same network segment.

Broadcast Transmission

Multicast Transmission

is sending a packet to a multicast address group.

Multicast Transmission

Public IPv4 addresses

are globally routed between internet service provider (ISP) routers.

Private Addresses

Not globally routable.

Private Addresses

Common blocks of addresses used by
most organizations.

Private Addresses

Not unique and can be used internally
within any network.

Network Address Translation

what does NAT stand for

Network Address Translation

translates private IPv4 addresses to public IPv4 addresses.

Network Address Translation

is typically enabled on the edge router connecting to the internet.

Network Address Translation

It translates the internal private address to a public global IP address.

127.0.0.0 /8 (127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254)

what is the range of the loopback addresses

Loopback addresses

Commonly identified as only 127.0.0.1

Loopback addresses

Used on a host to test if TCP/IP is operational

Link-Local addresses

Commonly known as the Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) addresses or self-assigned addresses.

Link-Local addresses

Used by Windows DHCP clients to self-configure when no DHCP servers are available.

0.0.0.0/8 to 127.0.0.0/8

Class A

Class A, B, C, D, E

what are the 5 classes of IPv4

128.0.0.0 /16 – 191.255.0.0 /16

Class B

192.0.0.0 /24 – 223.255.255.0 /24

Class C

224.0.0.0 to 239.0.0.0

Class D

240.0.0.0 – 255.0.0.0

Class E

Classful Addressing

Wasted any IPv4 addressing

Classless addressing

ignores the rules of classes (A, B, C)

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

manages and allocates blocks of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to five Regional Internet Registries

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

What does IANA stand for

Regional Internet Registries

What does RIRs stand for

Regional Internet Registries

are responsible for allocating IP addresses to ISPs who provide IPv4 address blocks to smaller ISPs and organizations.

Switches

propagate broadcasts out all interfaces except the interface on which it was received

router

The only device that stops broadcasts
is a _____

Routers

do not propagate broadcasts.

True

True or False:

Each router interface connects to a broadcast domain and broadcasts are only propagated within that specific broadcast domain.

large, excessive broadcasts

A problem with a ____ broadcast domain is
that these hosts can generate ___________ and negatively affect the network.

Subnetting

The solution is to reduce the size of the network to create smaller broadcast domains in a process called ________

smaller

Broadcasts are propagated within the _____
broadcast domains.

basis of subnetting

Notice how the prefix length has changed from a single /16 network to two /24 networks. This is the ___________: using host bits to create additional subnets.

improves network performance, implement security policies, group the users

Reasons for segmenting networks

IPv4 subnets

are created by extending the subnet mask to borrow some of the bits from the host portion of the address to create additional network bits. The more host bits are borrowed, the more subnets are created with fewer hosts per subnet

/8, /16, and /24.

Networks are most easily subnetted at the octet boundary of ______.

Subnets

are created by borrowing bits from the host bits, creating longer masks

doubled

For each bit borrowed in the fourth octet, the number of subnetworks available is _______, while reducing the number of host addresses per subnet

VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask)

was developed to avoid wasting addresses by enabling us to subnet a subnet.

VLSM(Variable Length Subnet Mask)

always begin by satisfying the host requirements of the largest subnet and continue subnetting until the host requirements of the smallest subnet are satisfied.