BIOLOGY PAPER 2 MISTAKES

vitro

in lab

minerals in plants: magnesium

used to make chloroplast for photosynthesis

minerals in plants: nitrates

contains proteins with amino acids for growth

why are plant species conserved?

• maintain biodiversity

• prevent extinction

• for medical properties

root hair cell adaptations (4)

• increases surface area

• to absorb water

• by osmosis

• to absorb minerals/ions

• by diffusion

• by active transport

why is the energy value found by a student lower than the values given by the manafactuers?

• some heat escapes

• not completly burnt

• temperature of water is uneven

nitrogen fixation

• step 1 in circle

• nitrogen in air → plant protein

nitrification

• step 2 in circle

• nitrites → nitrates

denitrification

• step 3 in circle

• nitrates → nitrogen in air

describe how pollution by fertiliser can affect aquatic ecosystems (5)

• increase in nitrates

• leads to eutrophication

• algal bloom

• blocks sunlight

• plants die

• bacteria decomposes

• oxygen is used for its respiration

• aquatic organisms die

describe the consequences of smoking cigarettes for functioning lungs (5)

• destroys cillia in trachea

• mucus gets built up

• leads to bacterial infection

• alveoli is damaged, reducing surface area

• cause chronic bronchitis

• can lead to lung cancer

how is glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?

• selective reabsorption

• in the proximal convoluted tubule

• using ATP

whta happens to the eye in BRIGHT LIGHT

• circular muscles CONTRACT

• radial muscles RELAX

why is micropropagation used?

• plants made will be genetically identical

• fast method

how do vaccines work? (3)