APUSH chapter 1 vocab

“New World”

What the Europeans refer to the Americas as

Maize

Formed the basis of agriculture, along with squash and beans

Great League of Peace

An alliance of the Haudenosaunee nations, orginially formed at least 400 years ago. Each year the Haudenosaunee Great Council, with male representatives chosen by the women of five(and later six) nations, met to coordinate dealings with outsiders

Haudenosaunee

Means people of the the longhouse. Their enemies called them Iroquois( “snakes”)

Caravel

A 15th century European ship capable of long distance travel

Cahokia

The largest city noth of Mexico, across the Mississippi River

Christopher Columbus

Expedition leader, mariner from Genoa(Italy), studied ocean patterns

Conquistadores

Spanish and Portuguese soliders who conquered lands held by Indigenous people

Tenochtitlán

Capital of Aztec Empire

Aztec

Mesoamerican empire ruled by Mexica people

Columbian exchange

The transatlantic flow of people and goods (1492-1650)

Council of the Indies

It was used to rule the Spanish empire, the main body for colonial administration

Creoles

People born in america of european descent

Penisulares

People born in Europe(of European birth)

Haciendas

Large-scale farms in the Spanish empire worked by Native American laborers

Atlantic slave trade

Fueled by the Spanish demand for enslaved labor —> from early 1500s

Mestizos

People of mixed origin

Bartolomé de Las Casas

A Catholic missionary who renounced the Spanish practice of coercively converting Indians and advocated their bettertreatmentR

Repartimiento System

Native towns were required to provide a fixed amount of labor each year to Spanish mines or farms

St. Augustine, Florida

The only city that survived from being destroyed by Native people??

Santa Fe, New Mexico

Where some Indians were brought to be whipped

Pueblo Revolt

Victory over the Spanish uprising in 1680 by allies. Pueblo led by Popé, drove Spanish out of NM temporarily

Black Legend

Idea that the Spanish empire was more oppressive towards Indians than any other European empire, image of Spain as a brutal and exploitative colonizer

Examples of Columbian Exchange from America

Potatoes, Corn and TobaccoE

Examples of Columbian Exchange from Europe

Horses, Small Pox and Sugar

Encomiendas

Lands with Native laborers controlled by conquistadors

Treaty of Tordesillas

Between Spain and Portugal, 1494

Caste System in New Spain: Las Castas(Top to bottom)

Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizoa, Native American Indians, Enslaved People

Privateers

“Sea dogs”, a privately owned ship or sailor authorized by a government to attack and capture enemy vessels during wartime