Biol201 Lab 1 Exam

ubiquity

present or found everywhere

what are considered ubiquitous?

microorganisms: organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye

What are the three domains?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Which domains are prokaryotic?

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic cells have nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus

the only organisms that are multicellular and are made up of enough cells to make them visible to the naked eye

fungi (mushrooms, yeast, mold), metazoan (animals), and viridiplantae (green algae and land plants)

what was disproved in the 1850s

spontaneous generation (Pasteur)

where do most bacteria and archaea live?

free living in soil, water, and sediment at bottom of bodies of water

Symbiosis

two or more organisms living closely together (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)

can be beneficial to both, beneficial to one and not the other or beneficial to one and harmful to other

normal flora or resident flora

Microorganisms that reside in or on the body without causing disease

Type of microorganisms

extremophiles: Archaea that live in extreme environments

thermophiles: Archaea that thrive in very hot environments, such as volcanic springs

psychophiles: cold-loving microbes

acidophiles: grow in acidic environments (low pH) ex: found in GI tract

osmophiles: organisms that live in environments high in salt or sugar

what is the difference between bacteria and archaea?

rRNA, cell wall and cell membrane

all bacteria have peptidoglycan(sugar polymer and polypeptide) in their cell walls and bacteria is the most numerous organism

where can archaea be found in humans

mouth and colon

Fungi

A kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients

Chitin

Polysaccharide found in fungal cell walls.

Saprophytic

fungi that secrete enzymes to break down proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids in the environment

Protozoa (protists)

eukaryotic, form organisms that do not fit in plant, animal or fungi kingdoms

protists can cause malaria

Viruses

Viruses can only reproduce inside host cells, and they damage the cell when they do this

VIRUSES GET INTO CELL

said to be obligate intracellular parasites

bacteriophage - a virus that infects bacteria

Volume of a sphere and relative volume

V=4/3πr³

volume of first cell (or virus)/volume of second cell (or virus)

Picornovirus

common GI pathogens

Staphylococcus aureus

common bacteria in normal flora but can cause illness

Candida albicans

yeast

colony morphology

the properties and characteristics of colonies such as shape, margin, and the elevation

Microscope parts

Plemorphic bacteria

have the genetic capcity to take on diff shapes

Binary fission (cell division)

arrangement of bacteria refers to the configuration of bacterial cells associated with one another after cell division

cocus;cocci: spherically shaped cell

diplococcus;diplococci: cocci that remains in pairs

streptococcus;streptococci: chains of round cells

staphylococcus;staphylococci: irregular clusters of cells that have a grape-like appearance

Rod shaped bacteria

bacillus;bacilli: rod shaped bacteria

coccobacillus: rounded rod shaped bacteria that appears in an oval shape

diplobacillus: those bacilli that associate in pairs

streptobacillus: bacilli that are associated in long chains, they fail to disassociate after binary fission

palisades: organisms of several genera retain a small region of attachment between cells after binary fission. Consequently, they tend to fold into a “chinese character” arrangement

Spiral Bacteria

spiral bacteria are bent rods

Vibrio: little spiral and appear as a comma

Spirillum: little more spiral, rigid, and S shaped

Spirochetes: extremely spiraled but are more flexible