Introduction to Medical Terminology (Eye and Ear)

External accessory structures of the eyeball

extrinsic eye muscle

eyelids

conjunctiva

lacrimal apparatus

lacrimal glands

lacrimal canaliculi

lysozyme

extrinsic eye muscle

seven skeletal muscles located in the orbit. Controls the eye and eyelid movements

Eyelids

thin, mobile folds of skin and muscle that protect the eye

Conjunctiva

a thin, clear mucous membrane that lines the inner eyelids and covers the white of the eye(sclera)

lacrimal apparatus

System responsible for producing, distributing, and draining tears

lacrimal glands

Exocrine gland located in the upper outer area of each eye socket. Produces tears

lacrimal canaliculi

small tubes in the upper and lower eyelids. Drain teras from the eye’s surface to the lacrimal sac

lysozyme

antibacterial enzyme present in earwax, middle ear fluids, and the mucosal lining of the eustachian tube

eustachian tube- narrow channel connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat

fibrous layer

outermost layer consisting of the sclera (protective) and cornea (transparent)

sclera

white connective tissue ( white of the eye)

cornea

central anterior to the fibrous layer, crystal light enters the eye through this

vascular layer

middle eyeball, has three parts

choroid

ciliary body

Iris

Choroid

posterior, blood-rich, contains a dark pigment that prevent light from scattering indie the eye

ciliary body

circular ring tissue located behind the iris in the middle layer of the eye. produces aqueous humor (fluid that fills the front of the eye) and contains two smooth muscles structures that control lens shape for focusing

Iris

thin, annular structure, it controls the diameter and size of the pupil and also the amount of light reaching the retina (responsible for eye color)

Pupil

Rounded opening of the iris. Light pass through this to enter the iris

Retina

thin layer of tissue lining the back of the eye near the optic nerve. Received light focused by the lens, convert it into neural signals, and send the signals to the brain for visual recognition.

lens

transparent biconvex structure that refracts light to focused on the retina

Pinna

shell-shaped structure that surrounds the auditory canal opening

external acoustic meatus

short, narrow chamber carved into the temporal bone

tympanic membrane

cause vibration when its hit by sound waves entering the auditory canal. The canal ends at the eardrum, separating the external from the middle ear

the middle ear

small air-filled mucosa cavity within the temporal bone. Has three parts

opening

pharyngotympanic tube

ossicles

opening

lateral to the eardrum and medial by a bony wall with tow openings ( oval and round window)

pharyngotympanic tube

oblique to the middle tube. Ear cavity within the throat, and mucosa lining

ossicles

three tiny bones in the middle ear. they push sound vibration from the eardrum to the cochlea

malleus

incus

stapes

internal ear

bony chambers, deep within the temporal bone. located behind the eye socket. Has three parts

cochlea

vestibule

semicircular

canals

Vertebral column

extends from the skull. transmits the weight of the body to the lower limbs from the pelvis. Serves as axial support of the body.