Cells of the Nervous System

Microglia

are glial cells that search and respond to injury and disease (the immune cells of the brain)

Ganglion

a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.

Weigert

Electron Microscopy (very high magnification; provides information about the detail of neuronal structure)

Golgi Stain

allows for visualization of individual neurons.

long distances

Difference: The way they communicate with other neurons over ________ and morphology (their shape)

Nucleus

a collection of neuronal cell bodies within the central nervous system.

Astrocytes

a star shaped glial cell that does a lot of things like: stretching between neurons and fine blood cells, controlling local blood flow to increase the amount of blood reaching more- active brain regions, and forming the tough outer membranes that swaddle the brain, and secrete chemical signals that affect synaptic transmission.

Santiago and Cajal

Used the Golgi Stain and theorized that the barin was made up of individual units /cells.

Oligodendrocytes

are located in the Central Nervous System and Schwann Cells are located in the Peripheral Nervous System.

Gray matter

areas of the brain that are dominated by cell bodies and are devoid of myelin, mostly receives and processes information.

White matter

light colored layer of tissue, consisting mostly of myelin- sheathed axons mostly transmits information.

endothelium

It is the ________ that is a thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels.

endothelial cells

The ________ form walls of capillaries that dont let infections though, but this can be an issue when wanting to deliver pharmaceuticals into the brain.

Nerve

collection of axons bundled together outside the central nervous system.

they have organelles (such as mitochondria and nucleus)

Neurons similarities to other cells_____

The way they communicate with other neurons over long distances and morphology (their shape)

Neurons Differences to other cells______

Golgi

created the Golgi Stain that is a way to see neurons over a light microscope

Santiago and Cajal

Used the Golgi Stain and theorized that the barin was made up of individual units/cells

Draw and label a synapse, including the following

presynaptic cell (terminal), postsynaptic cell (dendrite or dendritic spine), synaptic cleft

Multipolar Neurons

have many dendrites and one axon  (MOTOR NEURON)

Bipolar Neurons

have one axon and one dendrite (SOMATASENSORY NEURON)

Unipolar Neurons

has a cell body that extends in a branch and it becomes axons going in two different directions (SOMATASENSORY NEURON)

Know the terms

CNS, PNS, nucleus (not the organelle), ganglion, nerve, tract, white matter, gray matter

Central Nervous System

portion of the nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System

the portion of the nervous system that includes all the nerves and neurons outside the brain and spinal cord

Nucleus

a collection of neuronal cell bodies within the central nervous system

Ganglion

a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber

Nerve

collection of axons bundled together outside the central nervous system

White matter

light colored layer of tissue, consisting mostly of myelin-sheathed axons mostly transmits information

Gray matter

areas of the brain that are dominated by cell bodies and are devoid of myelin, mostly receives and processes information

Microglia

are glial cells that search and respond to injury and disease (the immune cells of the brain)

Golgi Stain

allows for visualization of individual neurons

Nissl Stain

Selectively stains bell bodies

Weigert

Electron Microscopy (very high magnification; provides information about the detail of neuronal structure)