Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Methods

Flashcards created from notes on descriptive statistics, covering key concepts, definitions, and graphical methods.

Descriptive Statistics

Methods for summarizing and organizing data using tables and graphs.

Data Set

A collection of data collected for a particular study.

Variable

Any characteristic of an element in a data set.

Observation

The value of a particular variable for a given element.

Qualitative Data

Data that can be categorized based on attributes or characteristics.

Quantitative Data

Data that can be measured numerically.

Nominal Measurement

A type of measurement for qualitative data that uses names or labels.

Ordinal Measurement

A type of measurement for qualitative data that depicts an order or rank.

Interval Measurement

A quantitative measurement where values are expressed as fixed units.

Ratio Measurement

A quantitative measurement where a value of zero indicates absence of quantity.

Frequency Distribution

A summary of data that displays the number of observations in each category.

Cumulative Frequency

The sum of the relative frequencies of all previous categories.

Cross Tabulation

A tabular summary of two variables that can display frequency or relative frequency.

Bar Chart

A graphical display used to depict qualitative data with bars representing categories.

Pie Chart

A circular graph that shows relative frequencies as slices of a pie.

Line Graph

A graph used to show how a variable changes over time.

Scatter Plot

A graph that uses dots to represent the values obtained for two different variables.

Histogram

A graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data using bars.