Cultural Intelligence and Game Theory in Cooperation

Flashcards covering the concepts of cultural intelligence, game theory models like the Prisoner's Dilemma, and individual orientations toward cooperation.

Cultural Relativism

The perspective that no culture's view on right or wrong is superior and that differing cultural practices are equally valid.

Cultural Absolutism

The view that there is a single right answer to moral questions and that some cultural perspectives are right while others are wrong.

Cultural Intelligence

A set of four aspects for improving multicultural interactions: motivation to adapt, understanding similar and different cultures, ability to plan and reflect on interactions, and ability to adapt relationships.

Core Areas

The fundamental moral or personal values that an individual is not willing to be flexible on when navigating different cultures.

Flex Areas

The aspects of behavior or identity, such as clothing choices, that an individual is willing to adapt to fit into a different cultural context.

Knots

Biases or pre-judgments deep within a person's core that are not based on judgment but on pre-judgment, requiring them to be 'dusted down' and worked on.

Sclerotic

A term used to describe cultural habits or behaviors that quickly tighten up or become rigid when an individual refuses to flex.

Cultural Intolerance

The opposite of cultural intelligence, characterized by a lack of willingness to understand or accept other cultural norms.

Ultimatum Game

A game theory exercise where a Proposer suggests how to split a sum, such as $10$, and a Responder must accept the offer or both receive nothing.

Proposer

The individual in the Ultimatum Game who receives an initial amount of money and decides how to split it between themselves and the responder.

Responder

The individual in the Ultimatum Game who chooses to agree to the proposed split or disagree, which results in nobody getting any money.

Prisoner's Dilemma

A model where two players must choose to stay silent or betray each other, illustrating how individual self-interest can lead to a worse outcome for the group.

Rational Agent

A hypothetical person who always selects the option they predict will result in the best possible gain for themselves, often appearing selfish.

Defecting

The act of choosing the self-interested option in a game like the Prisoner's Dilemma, such as betraying a partner to try to go free.

Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma

A version of the game played over multiple rounds, such as $25$ or $200$ times, allowing players to build relationships or punish non-cooperation.

Grudger

A strategy in the Prisoner's Dilemma that starts by cooperating but switches to permanent defection as soon as the opponent defects once.

Robert Axelrod

The researcher who held a $1980$ tournament where $14$ different strategies competed in $200$ rounds of the Prisoner's Dilemma.

Tit for Tat

A successful strategy that starts with cooperation and thereafter copies the opponent's previous move.

Forgiving Tit for Tat

A variant of the Tit for Tat strategy that requires two defections from the opponent before it retaliates.

Social Value Orientation

An individual difference that describes how much a person cares about their own outcomes versus the outcomes of others in a group.

Cooperative Orientation

A motivation to maximize the collective welfare of the group, even if it means taking slightly less for oneself.

Individualistic Orientation

A motivation where a person cares only about their own outcome and is indifferent to what others receive.

Competitive Orientation

A motivation where an individual wants to maximize their gain relative to others, prioritizing 'winning' the competition.

Tragedy of the Commons

A dilemma where individuals overuse a shared, limited resource for personal gain, ultimately depleting the resource for the entire group.

Tragedy of the Anticommet

A situation where resources are held by only a few people (e.g., through patents or paywalls), hindering the utility or benefit for the wider public.

Empathic Ability

The capacity to take another person's perspective and care about their outcomes, which increases the likelihood of cooperation.

In-group Cooperation

The tendency for individuals to cooperate more readily with members of their own group than with those in an out-group.

Split or Steal

A game show format based on the Prisoner's Dilemma where players must choose to share a jackpot, such as $£40,015$, or risk losing it all.