AP Gov court cases/documents

McCulloh vs Maryland

decision that the bank was constitutional because of the necessary and proper clause, even with it not explicitly stated that a bank was within powers, confirmed supremecy of federal law over state law

United states vs Lopez

Ruled that carrying a gun in a school zone is not economic activity under commerce clause

Brown vs Board of Education

Declared racial segregation in public schools illegal, under equal protection clause

Marbury Vs madison

Established principle of judicial review under article 3 of the constitution

Baker vs carr

Redistricting is jurisdictable, under equal protections act

Tinker v Des moines

ruled that neither students nor teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate after an argument on whether green armbands to protest the vietnam war are allowed in schools, under first amendment

Schneck v US

Court rules that speech can be outlawed if clear+present danger is shown

NYT v United states

Ruled in favor of NYT, pentagon papers case, upheld first amendment right of press against prior restraint

Mc Donald v Chicago

Ruled that the law created that effectively banned handguns went against the second amendment (expanded ruling in heller to state government)

District of colombia vs heller

DC ban leads to heller suing and a decision that the ban violated the second amendment, only applied to the federal government

engel v vitale

school sponsered prayer ruled unconsititutional under the establishment clause

obergefell v hodges

Legalized same sex marriage across the united states under due process/equal protection clause

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

ruled 1st amendments prohibits limits on corp funding of independent broadcasts in candidate election after law limited ability of corps and unions to spend money against/

gideon v wainright

court ruled that the 6th amendment requires states to provide attourneys to those who cannot afford their own

wisconsin v yoder

Ruled amish are not required to send children to school after 8th grade: free exercise clause

The declaration of independence

outlines the principles of natural rights and the social contract.

The Articles of Confederation

served as the first constitution of the United States, establishing a weak central government that ultimately led to its replacement by the U.S.

constitutution

The framework for the federal government, detailing the separation of powers and checks and balances.

Federalist No. 10

argues that a large republic can control factions and protect minority rights

Brutus No. 1

An Anti-Federalist paper that argues against the Constitution, warning of the dangers of a large republic.

Federalist No. 51

Discusses the importance of checks and balances in preventing tyranny.

Federalist No. 70

Advocates for a strong, single executive for effective governance.

Federalist No. 78

Addresses the power of judicial review and the independence of the judiciary.

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

Written by Martin Luther King Jr., it discusses civil disobedience and justice.

shaw v reno

after a bizarre district was drawn to illicit two black majority districts, it was ruled under the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment unconstitutional