Neuron and Endocrine System Overview

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to neurons and the endocrine system, detailing their functions and interactions.

Neuron

Specialized cells that transmit information throughout the body.

Soma (Cell Body)

The life-support center of a neuron containing the nucleus and essential organelles.

Dendrites

Branch-like structures on neurons that receive messages from other cells.

Axon

A long, cable-like fiber in a neuron that sends electrical impulses to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Myelin Sheath

A coating on some axons that acts like insulation to speed up signal transmission.

Action Potential

An electrical impulse that travels down an axon when a neuron receives enough stimulation.

Synapse

The tiny gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released for communication.

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that increase the likelihood of a neuron firing, e.g., norepinephrine.

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that decrease the likelihood of a neuron firing, e.g., GABA.

Reuptake

The process of reabsorbing a neurotransmitter by the sending neuron after it triggers a response.

Endocrine System

A system that uses hormones sent through the bloodstream for slower messaging compared to the nervous system.

Adrenal Glands

Glands that sit atop the kidneys and release adrenaline for the fight-or-flight response.

Pituitary Gland

The 'master gland' that secretes growth hormones and oxytocin and controls other endocrine glands.

Feedback Loop

The process where the nervous and endocrine systems influence each other, affecting physical states and moods.