Motor Speech Disorders

Name the 5 domains/systems of speech

respiratory, phonatory, resonance, articulation, prosody

What are 2 general types of motor speech disorders?

dysarthria, apraxia of speech

What are the 6 types of dysarthria?

flaccid, spastic, ataxic, hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, unilateral upper motor neuron

Where does the damage occur in flaccid dysarthria?

LMN (final common pathway, motor unit)

Where does the damage occur in spastic dysarthria?

bilateral UMN (direct and indirect activation pathways)

Where does the damage occur in ataxic dysarthria?

cerebellum (cerebellum control circuit)

Where does the damage occur in hypokinetic dysarthria?

basal ganglia control circuit (extrapyramidal)

Where does the damage occur in hyperkinetic dysarthria?

basal ganglia control circuit (extrapyramidal)

Where does the damage occur in unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria?

in a unilateral upper motor neuron

What is the neurologic specific issue with flaccid dysarthria?

weakness

What is the neurologic specific issue with spastic dysarthria?

spasticity

What is the neurologic specific issue with ataxic dysarthria?

incoordination

What is the neurologic specific issue with hypokinetic dysarthria?

rigidity, reduced range of motion, scaling problems

What is the neurologic specific issue with hyperkinetic dysarthria?

involuntary movements

What is the neurologic specific issue with unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria?

upper motor neuron weakness, spasticity, or incoordination

In motor speech disorder’s how is movement affected (RATSSS)?

range of motion, accuracy, tone, strength, speed, steadiness

What complications are associated with MSDs?

  - communication problems, social difficulty, quality of life (depression)

What are issues with audio-visual perceptual measures?

- Subject to unreliability of judgements among clinicians
- May be difficult to agree on severity
- Cannot directly test hypotheses about the pathophysiology underlying the perceived speech abnormalities
- Perceptual classification is hard because:
+ listeners must identify clinically significant features from a multidimensional acoustic signal.
+ Salient features are not invariant; any one individual can deviate from group similarities
+ It is possible that subgroups exist.