Kingsbury High School History Revision Guide: Germany in Transition 1919-1939

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering the recovery of Weimar, the rise of the Nazi party, consolidation of power, and German foreign policy leading to WWII.

According to the exam technique guide, what does the 'COOL' acronym stand for?

Content, Origin, Own Knowledge.

Who was the leader of the Weimar Republic in its early years and became the first President in 1919?

President Friedreich Ebert.

What is the German term for the 'stab in the back' myth regarding the end of World War I?

Dolchstoss.

On what date was the Armistice signed to end the fighting in World War I?

$$11th \text{ November } 1918$$

What was the 'Diktat' in the context of the Treaty of Versailles?

It translates to 'Dictated Peace,' reflecting the German belief that they were forced to sign the treaty without negotiation.

What was the purpose of 'Article 48' in the Weimar Constitution?

It allowed the President to declare a 'state of emergency' and rule by presidential decree, making laws without the Reichstag's permission.

Under the Treaty of Versailles, what was the total amount set for reparations?

$$\pounds 6,600 \text{ million}$$

What was the military restriction placed on the German army by the Treaty of Versailles?

The army could not exceed $100,000$ men, and they were forbidden from having an air force, tanks, or submarines.

Who were the leaders of the Spartacist uprising in January 1919?

Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxembourg.

Which right-wing paramilitary group did Ebert use to put down the Spartacist rebellion?

The Freikorps.

Why did the Kapp Putsch of March 1920 fail?

Ebert called for a general strike, which was supported by the Trade Unions, bringing the country to a standstill.

In January 1923, which industrial heartland of Germany was invaded by French troops?

The Ruhr.

How much did a loaf of bread cost in Germany by November 1923 due to hyperinflation?

$$\text{Over } 200 \text{ billion marks}$$

Who became Chancellor in the summer of 1923 and introduced the Rentenmark?

Gustav Stresemann.

What were the terms of the Dawes Plan of 1924?

Annual payments were reduced, the Ruhr was to be evacuated, and the USA provided an $800 \text{ million-mark}$ loan.

By which year did the Young Plan propose that Germany would finish paying reparations?

$$1988$$

What was the 'Locarno Pact' of 1925?

An agreement with Britain, France, Belgium, and Italy where Germany agreed to its Western borders and the loss of land from the Treaty of Versailles.

What was 'New Objectivity' in German art during the 1920s?

An art style involving artists like Otto Dix and George Grosz that showed everyday life and difficult realities while criticizing the Elites.

What was the 'Unemployment Insurance Law' of 1927?

A national scheme where workers and employers made payments to provide welfare for the unemployed.

What was 'Fuhrerprincip'?

The Nazi leadership principle: the belief in one leader with absolute power and authority answerable to no one.

Who was the leader of the SA (Sturmabteilung), also known as the Brownshirts?

Ernst Rohm.

What book did Hitler write while in Landsberg Prison after the failed Munich Putsch?

Mein Kampf (My Struggle).

How many Germans were unemployed by 1932 as a result of the Great Depression?

$$6 \text{ million}$$

Which Nazi official was appointed the Minister of Propaganda and Enlightenment?

Joseph Goebbels.

On what date was Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany?

$$30 \text{th January } 1933$$

Who was blamed for the Reichstag Fire on 27th February 1933?

The Dutch Communist Marinus van der Lubbe.

What did the Enabling Act of March 1933 allow Hitler to do?

It allowed Hitler to rule alone and pass laws without the Reichstag for $4$ years.

What happened during the Night of the Long Knives on 30th June 1934?

Hitler and the SS shot Ernst Rohm and approximately $400$ SA leaders, along with other rivals like Kurt von Schliecher.

What was 'Gleichschaltung'?

The process of 'co-ordination' so that the Nazis would have total control over all aspects of German life.

What was the RAD (National Labour Service)?

A compulsory service where men aged $18 \text{--} 25$ had to do $6 \text{ months}$ of manual labor.

What were 'The 3 Ks' regarding Nazi policy toward women?

Kinder, Kuche, and Kirche (Children, Kitchen, and Church).

What was 'Kristallnacht' (the Night of broken Glass) in November 1938?

A state-sponsored attack where $7,500$ Jewish businesses were destroyed, $400$ synagogues burnt, and $30,000$ Jews arrested.

Where was the first Nazi concentration camp opened in March 1933?

Dachau (near Munich).

What was 'Anschluss'?

The political unification of Germany and Austria, proclaimed on $13 \text{th March } 1938$.

Which agreement was signed in 1939 between Germany and the USSR to secretly invade Poland?

The Nazi-Soviet Pact.