Cybil Board review flashcards

Flashcards from Cybil's review powerpoint/review sesssion

“A” stands for

Mass #

“Z” in atomic notation stands for

Atomic number

Isotopes are

nuclides with the same # protons, but different # mass

Isotones are:

nuclides with the same # neutrons, different atomic #

Isobars are

Nuclides with same mass, different atomic #

This is an example of

isotopes

This is an example of

Isotopes

This is an example of

isotones

These are an example of

isobars

What are the three types of isobaric decay?

electron capture

beta postiive decay

beta negative decay

In beta negative decay,

A neutron is converted into a proton

If two elements have the same atomic number, but different mass numbers, how are they related?

isotopes

If two elements have the same number of neutrons, but different atomic numbers, how are they related?

isotones

If two elements have the same mass numbers, but different atomic numbers, how are they related?

isobars

Cyclotron produced radionuclides will always decay via:

beta positive decay

F-18 decays via

beta positive decay

indium-111 decays via

electron capture

Tl-201 decays via

electron capture

A nuclide that decays via alpha decay will result in

the mass number decreasing by four

What type of interaction occurs when a photon interacts with an inner shell electron, and all of the energy is absorbed and given to that electron?

photoelectric

During beta negative decay,

a neutron is converted into a proton, and a negatively charged electron is released

Gamma emission is a type of ________ transition/decay

isomeric

The consequence of an unstable nuclei with excess energy is:

emission of a gamma emission

The consequence of an unstable neutron-rich nucleus is:

production of a beta negative particle

describe the process of internal conversion

An unstable nucleus releases gamma ray that interacts with and is absorbed by an inner shell electron

That electron is ejected from the nucleus.

The atom reorganizes: a higher energy outer-shell electron fills the gap, and releases excess energy as a characteristic X-ray

A characteristic x-ray is produced as a result of

the ejection of an inner-shell electron from an atom, and the subsequent filling of that vacancy by an outer-shell electron

Ionization is defined as

the removal of electrons from an atom

What are the two types of particulate radiation

alpha and beta

Bremsstrahlung ionization occurs as a result of

A charged particle (beta negative electron) is rapidly decelerated and deflected by another charged particle (typically an electron near a nucleus

• The lost kinetic energy is emitted as an X-ray

a photon is produced by _______, and has ____ mass, and has __ charge, and ___ electrons

gamma and X-ray

no mass

no charge

does not attract or repel electrons

particulate radaition is produced by _______ decay, and has ____ mass, and __ charge, and ___ electrons

alpha and beta

has mass

has charge

attracts or repels

The photoelectric effect occurs when

What type of interaction occurs when a photon interacts with an inner shell electron, and all of the energy is absorbed and given to that electron

• resulting in the emission of a characteristic X-ray

Compton scatter occurs when

a photon interacts with an outer shell electron, and only part of its energy is absorbed and given to that electron

The annode within a gas filled detector is:

positively charged

The cathode within a gas filled detector is

negatively charged

Accuracy quality control for a dose calibrator is checking for:

How close the reading is to the true value?

What is the acceptable % error for a dose calibrator readings?

10%

During a linearity test, a dose calibrators calculated % error is 11.1. The technologist should

apply a correction factor

What is the half life of Cs-137

30 years

What is the energy of Cs-137

662 keV

What is the half life for Co-57

271 days

What is the energy of Co-57

122 keV

A technologist performed a constancy test for a dose calibrator and got these results:

Expected Activity:  78.5 uCi

Actual reading:  70.1 uCi

What is the percent error? Can this calibrator be used?

10.7, no

Determine if this dose calibrator needs a correction factor applied for 5 mL syringes based on these results:

5mL syringe

Expected reading:  2.95 mCi

Actual reading:  2.45 mCi

What is the percent error? Calculate the correction factor if needed.

17%; 1.2

What can cause a low constancy reading

incorrect high voltage

incorrect settings

source not placed properly in detector

What can cause a high constancy reading for well-counters or thyroid probes

contamination

outside sources placed near by

What is high-voltage checking in a non-imaging scintillation device

aka peaking, done if constancy fails

How can a technologist improve both sensitivity and resolution of a gamma camera at the same time

reducing distance of detector-patietn

______ counts should be collected for a daily uniformity flood on a gamma camera

5-15 million counts

The UFOV is considered to be ___ of the FOV

95%

The CFOV is ____ of the ___

75%; UFOV

What is the half life of F-18

110min

F-18 is produced via

cyclotron

What is the half. life of Cu-64

12.7hrs

Cu-64 is produced via

cyclotron

Ga-68 is produced via

generator

The half life of Ga-68 is

68min

The half life of Rb-82 is

75 sec

Rb-82 is produced via

generatro

The half life of C-11 is

20min

The half life of O-15 is

2 min

The half life of N-13 is

10 min

C-11, O-15, and N-13 are all produced via

cyclotron

This is an example of

true coincidence

This is an example of a

random/accidental event

This is an example of

scatter

Time-of-flight in PET

improves signal to noise ratio

mA’s in CT and X-ray represents _____, whereas kVp represents ______

mA’s = amount; kVp = energy

NRC regulation 10 CFR 19 pertains to

notices and reports to employees

NRC regulations 10 CFR 20 pertains to

protection against radiation

NRC regulation 10 CFR part 35 pertains

radioactive materials license (usage, and regulations)

This sign should be posted in areas where a personc can recieve more than _____ mrem in 1 hr

5 mrem

This sign should be posted in areas where a personc can recieve more than _____ mrem in 1 hr

100 mrem

This sign should be posted

to indiciate any area in which certain quantities of radioactive materials are used or stored

Radiation safety education is required for all workers likely to receive greater than

100 mrem

T/F: radiation safety education is universal

false

T/F: radiation safety education is specific to the license

true

Unrestricted areas are considered

Anywhere a person would recieve less than 2mrem in any hour

less than 100mrem in any year

does not include contribution from patients

Restricted areas:

are areas where you can receive greater than 2mrem in any hour

signs should be posted

access controlled

Sealed source leak testing should be done:

every 6 months

radionuclidic purity testing must be performed

after every elution

Sealed source innovatory should be done

every 6 months

Radioactive waste should be decayed in storage until

it measures at or below background

Removable contamination surveys (wipe tests) should be performed

on a resonable schedule

Which of the following is NOT required by the NRC to be posted?

NRC form 5

NRC form three is

notice to emloyees

NRC form 4 is

Cumulative occupational dose history

NRC form 5 is

occupational dose record for a monitoring period

An occupationally exposed radiation worker has declared pregnancy.  What is the maximum allowable radiation dose to the fetus?

500 mRem

What is the annual Whole-body (TEDE) occupational limit?

5 REM

What is the annual lens of the eye occupational limit?

15 REM

What is the annual dose to any organ occupational limit?

50 REM

What is the annual dose occupational limit to skin or extremities?

50 REM

What is the exposure limit to the public?

0.1 REM

What is the exposure limit to minors?

0.5 REM

What is the exposure limit for family members of therapy patients?

0.5 REM

All of the following are considered members of the public except

A person taking public transport

Non-stochiastic effects of radiation are:

deterministic

Stochastic effects are

probalistic

All of the following are early effects of acute radiation syndrome except

cancer