Western Civilizations – Absolutism/Enlightenment Test Review

Practice flashcards covering the key concepts of Absolutism and the Enlightenment, including the theories of major philosophers and the reign of Louis XIV.

What factors led to the rise and popularity of absolute monarchs?

They provided stability, promoted economic development, patronized the arts, and fostered a sense of nationalism during times of chaos and instability.

What is the definition of the "divine right of kings"?

The belief that the authority to rule comes directly from God.

What are the two primary characteristics of absolute monarchs?

Centralization of power and the concept of rule by divine right.

How did absolute monarchs use their power to promote economic development?

They implemented policies that encouraged trade, industry, and infrastructure development to increase the wealth and power of their kingdoms.

How did absolute monarchs foster nationalism and patriotism?

By promoting the idea of a strong and unified nation, they appealed to the loyalty and pride of their people, especially during external threats.

Why was the efficiency of an absolute monarch considered an advantage?

An absolute monarch could act quickly and forcefully in times of national crisis or war.

How did the Scientific Revolution transition into the Enlightenment?

Scientists exposed weaknesses in church teachings about the natural world, leading philosophers to question the wisdom of Church support for the "Divine Right" rule of monarchs.

What "spirit" began to dominate Europe during the transition to the Enlightenment?

A “spirit of inquiry or a questioning spirit.”

What is the Enlightenment theme regarding the distribution of government power?

Separation of powers – power should be distributed across different branches of government.

What are the three natural rights identified by John Locke?

Life, liberty, and property.

What type of government did John Locke promote?

Democracy, Representative government and an elected house of Commons (limited to men with property and business).

What was Thomas Hobbes' view on human nature?

He believed all humans are selfish and wicked.

What book did Thomas Hobbes write, according to the notes?

“The libalyson”

According to Rousseau, why did people become evil?

He believed everyone was naturally good but society made them evil.

What form of government did Rousseau advocate for?

Direct democracy.

Why did Montesquieu advocate for a separation of powers?

As a way of checks and balances to maintain laws and orders and ensure no person held full power.

Which two individuals are noted for bringing Enlightenment ideas to the American colonies?

Benjamin franklin and Thomas jeff.

What does the concept of "universalism" refer to in the context of the Enlightenment?

A sense where peoples did not live for their own sake, but sought betterment for others.

Why did King Louis XIV of France use the sun as his symbol?

Just as the sun stands at the center of the solar system, the Sun King stands at the center of the nation.

How did King Louis XIV handle the Estates General during his reign?

The Estates General didn’t meet once during his reign and played no role in checking royal power.