Nutrition - Lecture 12

What is undernutrition?

Compromised nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake or low body stores.

What are some consequences of undernutrition?

Poor wound healing, loss of muscle mass, functional decline, altered immune status, and growth faltering.

What is overnutrition?

Poor nutritional health resulting from excess nutrient intake or stores.

Give examples of overnutrition.

Obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and vitamin/mineral toxicity.

True or False: A person can have both overnutrition and undernutrition at the same time.

True.

What should nurses be aware of before conducting nutritional screenings?

Risk factors including medical history, altered functional status, diet, and socioeconomic factors.

What is the purpose of nutritional screenings?

To identify the presence of risk factors and facilitate early nutritional interventions.

What are the three components of a nutritional screening assessment?

Nutrition history, physical assessment, and lab values.

What is a diet recall?

A client's in-sequence recall of a 24-hour time span of food, liquids, and supplements.

What key issues should be noted during a diet recall?

Portion size, time and location, preparation methods, fortified foods, and types & doses of supplements.

What is a Food Frequency Questionnaire?

A tool that assesses usual intake of foods over time but does not capture pattern distribution or preparation methods.

What is the purpose of a food record?

To keep a diary of recorded intake in real-time over several days.

What are anthropometric measurements?

Measurements including height, weight, and body fat used for nutritional assessment.

What is the formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)².

What waist circumference indicates a health risk for men?

WC > 102 cm (40 inches).

What waist circumference indicates a health risk for women?

WC > 88 cm (35 inches).

What is transferrin's role in nutritional assessment?

It plays a role in iron-binding and transport and is an acute-phase reactant protein.

What are the normal levels for albumin?

3.5 - 5 g/L.

What is the half-life of prealbumin?

2 - 3 days.

What does a negative nitrogen balance indicate?

A state where nitrogen intake is less than nitrogen output, often seen in malnutrition.

What is the significance of cultural considerations in nutritional assessment?

Cultural beliefs and practices can influence food choices and the assessment process.

What is the role of open-ended questions in diet recall?

To invite details and build trust with the client.

What are some common drawbacks of diet recalls?

Underreporting of alcohol use and overreporting of fruits & vegetables.

What is the importance of accurate height measurement?

It is essential for assessing weight in adults and growth in children.

What is the purpose of using visual comparisons in portion size estimation?

To help clients accurately judge their food intake.

What are some high-tech methods for measuring body composition?

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and underwater weighing.