Grade 10 Physical Sciences Revision Booklet Term 2

These flashcards cover the key concepts from the Grade 10 Physical Sciences syllabus focusing on matter, atomic theory, periodic table, and chemical bonding.

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Pure substance

A substance (element or compound) that contains only one kind of matter.

Boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure.

Chromatography

A method of separating and identifying certain substances.

Compound

A pure substance consisting of two or more different elements.

Density

The mass per unit volume of a substance.

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture in which components can be easily identified.

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture with a uniform composition throughout.

Electrical conductor

A material that allows the flow of charge.

Electrical insulator

A material that does not allow the flow of charge.

Element

A pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom.

Melting point

The temperature at which a solid changes to the liquid phase.

Thermal conductor

A material that allows heat to pass through easily.

Thermal insulator

A material that does not allow heat to pass through easily.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A theory that states matter consists of small particles that are in constant motion.

Diffusion

The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Sublimation

The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase.

Ionization energy

The energy needed to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous phase.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to differing numbers of neutrons.

Atomic number (Z)

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Periodic Table

A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number.

Ionic bond

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Covalent bond

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between non-metallic atoms.

Metallic bond

A bond formed between metallic atoms, characterized by a 'sea' of delocalized electrons.